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start in October 2016. 395 According to OPG’s schedule, rebuilding all four Darlington reactors will take over a decade. Notably, the government of Ontario has required Bruce Power and OPG to plan “offramps”—a sort of Plan B—if life-extension work is delayed or goes over-budget. For the life-extension, the offramp allows “the government to assess Bruce Power's cost estimates for each reactor prior to its refurbishment and stop the refurbishment, if the estimated cost exceeds a pre-defined amount.” 396 The government, however, has not disclosed this “pre-defined amount”. In 2016, the Ontario government announced, it will allow OPG to “pursue continued operation of the Pickering Generating Station beyond 2020 up to 2024.” 397 In 2013, OPG applied to the CNSC to operate the Pickering reactors beyond its initial design life in 2014. The CNSC approved the application and issued a five-year licence to OPG, but put conditions on the licence including the distribution of information on nuclear emergency response to households in the Pickering area and a detailed risk improvement plan for the station. 398 OPG estimates the cost of continuing to operate Pickering to 2024 at approximately CAD$300 million (UD$235 million), but that there is “a risk the station’s extended operation to 2024 may be determined to be uneconomical to pursue.” 399 OPG’s license for the Pickering nuclear station expires in 2018. The launch of a nuclear new-build program has not got beyond initial stages. In May 2012, the Government accepted the Environmental Impact Assessment report for the construction by OPG of up to four units at the Darlington site. On 17 August 2012, the CNSC issued a “Site Preparation License” for the Darlington project, “a first in over a quarter century”. 400 But before the project proceeded, in October 2013, the Ontario Government pulled the plug and “decided against spending upwards of CAD10 billion [US$7.8 billion] to buy two new nuclear reactors”. 401 Ontario’s 395 OPG, “OPG investing $122 million into unit 4 Darlington Nuclear”, Press Release, 12 April 2016, see http://www.opg.com/news-and-media/news-releases/Documents/20160412_Unit4DarlingtonInvestment.pdf, accessed 9 July 2016. 396 Government of Ontario, “Ontario Commits to Future in Nuclear Energy”, Press Release, 3 December 2015, see https://news.ontario.ca/mei/en/2015/12/ontario-commits-to-future-in-nuclear-energy.html, accessed 16 June 2016. 397 Government of Ontario, “Ontario Moving Forward with Nuclear Refurbishment at Darlington and Pursuing Continued Operations at Pickering to 2024”, Press Release, 11 January 2016, see https://news.ontario.ca/mei/en/2016/01/ontario-moving-forward-with-nuclear-refurbishment-at-darlingtonand-pursuing-continued-operations-at.html, accessed 9 June 2016. 398 CNSC, “Record of Decision, Application to Request a Removal of the Hold Point for the Pickering Nuclear Generating Station”, 2015, see https://www.cnsc-ccsn.gc.ca/eng/the-commission/pdf/2014-05-07- DecisionSummary-OPG-PickeringHoldPoint-e-Final-Edocs4448178.pdf, accessed 9 June 2016. 399 QP Briefing, “Pickering nuke plant extension to cost $307M, may prove ‘uneconomical’: OPG”, Queen’s Park Briefing, 20 May 2016, see. http://www.qpbriefing.com/2016/05/20/pickering-nuke-plant-extension-tocost-307m-may-prove-uneconomical-opg/, accessed 16 June 2016. 400 OPG, “Joint Review Panel issues Licence to Prepare Site”, 17 August 2012. 401 Globe and Mail, “Ontario backs away from plans to buy new nuclear reactors”, 10 October 2013, see http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ontario-backs-away-from-plans-to-buy-new-nuclearreactors/article14793803/; and WNISR, “The End of New Build in Canada?”, 11 October 2013, see http://www.worldnuclearreport.org/The-End-of-New-Build-in-Canada.html; both accessed 16 June 2016. Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt et al. 123 World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2016
LTEP, released in December 2013, confirmed the decision: “Ontario will not proceed at this time with the construction of two new nuclear reactors at the Darlington Generating Station.” 402 In Mexico, two General Electric (GE) reactors operate at the Laguna Verde power plant, located in Alto Lucero, Veracruz. The first unit was connected to the grid in 1989 and the second unit in 1994. In 2015, nuclear power produced 11.2 TWh (up 20 percent), providing a record 6.8 percent of the country’s electricity, exceeding the 20-year old record of 6.5 percent in 1995. An uprating project boosted the nameplate capacity of both units by 20 percent to 765 MW each. The power plant is owned and operated by the Federal Electricity Commission (Comisión Federal de Electricidad). In September 2015, Cesar Hernandez, deputy energy minister for electricity, said in a Reuters interview that his ministry was reviewing “the potential to add a pair of reactors” to the Laguna Verde site. “It is a decision that is being considered. Our planning shows it is efficient for the country.” 403 However, he did not indicate anything on timelines, technologies or costs involved. Energy Minister Pedro Joaquín Coldwell had confirmed in May 2014 the country’s aim to double the share of renewable energy in the electricity generating capacity from 17 percent to 33 percent by 2018. 404 In March 2016, the Ministry organized the first power auction—inviting 15-year “clean energy” supply contracts and 20-year “clean energy” certificates—which had an unexpectedly large turnout with 103 preselected participants and more than 460 technical offers, of which 69 companies finally introduced 227 offers. Projects were mainly in the 10-100 MW range. Solar PV represented almost three quarters of the proposals. 405 402 Ministry of Energy, “Achieving Balance—Ontario’s Long-Term Energy Plan”, December 2013, see http://www.energy.gov.on.ca/en/ltep/achieving-balance-ontarios-long-term-energy-plan/, accessed16 June 2016. 403 Reuters, “UPDATE 1-Mexico eyes construction of two new nuclear reactors -official”, 24 September 2015, see http://www.reuters.com/article/mexico-nuclear-idUSL1N11U2WA20150924, accessed 20 June 2016. 404 Solar Server, “Mexico sets goal for renewables to grow to 33% of installed capacity”, 21 May 2014, see http://www.solarserver.com/solar-magazine/solar-news/archive-2014/2014/kw21/mexico-sets-goal-forrenewables-to-grow-to-33-of-installed-capacity.html, accessed 16 June 2016. 405 Argus, “Solar looms large in Mexico's debut power auction”, 29 March 2016, see https://www.argusmedia.com/news/article/?id=1212773, accessed 6 June 2016. Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt et al. 124 World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2016
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A MYCLE SCHNEIDER CONSULTING PROJEC
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project coordin
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EBRD Chernobyl Decommissioning/Spen
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TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Nuclear
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Foreword by Tomas Kåberger 1 The W
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Executive Summary and Conclusions K
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WNISR classifies 36 Japanese reacto
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AREVA Debacle (new episode). The Fr
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Fukushima Prefecture, 70 percent of
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Introduction A major accident, like
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the past two decades, nuclear power
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There were three exceptions in 2015
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In the first half of 2016, three re
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The current world fleet has a total
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However, many of those projects (48
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Table 2: Reactor Construction Times
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Figure 11: Construction Starts in t
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large-scale new-build. Having asses
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Figure 15: Age Distribution of 164
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timeframe are highly unlikely given
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The IAEA says that, “seven countr
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for four units equaled approximatel
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Over the past year, the design sele
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In Turkey, up to three projects are
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electricity generating company (EÜ
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However, Rosatom highlighted the
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eportedly considering “suspending
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start in 2020 and commercial operat
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floating reactors. 160 There is als
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nonetheless suggested that the proj
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Nuclear Finances: Corporate Meltdow
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in the U.S. in 2013 from US$5/MBTU
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decides not to proceed with Hinkley
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market capital for renewable energy
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apply across the whole European mar
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Supervision and Administration Comm
Page 73 and 74: export market to countries such as
Page 75 and 76: Conclusion on Corporate Finances Th
Page 77 and 78: Sequence and Origin of the Accident
Page 79 and 80: a source of carbon dioxide to smoth
Page 81 and 82: Figure 29: Cumulative I-131 Concent
Page 83 and 84: In total, TORCH-2016 (The Other Rep
Page 85 and 86: in Lithuania, Kozloduy units 1 to 4
Page 87 and 88: The ISF-2 has been completed, pre-c
Page 89 and 90: emove the fuel-containing masses (c
Page 91 and 92: around 4.4 m 3 /hour. 270 Therefore
Page 93 and 94: Current status of workers The gover
Page 95 and 96: The government is aggressively seek
Page 97 and 98: (Full-scale Thyroid Screening Progr
Page 99 and 100: Costs 315 TEPCO continues to pay co
Page 101 and 102: contamination. In all parameters li
Page 103 and 104: However, the average thyroid dose i
Page 105 and 106: • The Global Energy Assessment 20
Page 107 and 108: decisions for the construction of n
Page 109 and 110: consecutive year, making up about 7
Page 111 and 112: US$43 billion and wind power was US
Page 113 and 114: Figure 39: Changes in EU Nuclear, S
Page 115 and 116: hydro renewables power generation a
Page 117 and 118: Annexes Annex 1: Overview by Region
Page 119 and 120: The November 2013 edition of the In
Page 121 and 122: its rated power 374 and until 26 Ma
Page 123: ebuilding its Gentilly-2 nuclear at
Page 127 and 128: The U.S. reactor fleet provided 798
Page 129 and 130: units had received a license extens
Page 131 and 132: the capacity market auctions, the p
Page 133 and 134: subsidies already. First, Illinois
Page 135 and 136: Conservation (DEC) to deny the plan
Page 137 and 138: & 2 in Illinois, Pilgrim in Massach
Page 139 and 140: Pending Combined Operating License
Page 141 and 142: traditionally been sited, but also
Page 143 and 144: projects only after Sanmen-1 ‘suc
Page 145 and 146: geographically the nuclear plant th
Page 147 and 148: (US$6.6 billion), 546 to as low as
Page 149 and 150: work on site in India for six AP100
Page 151 and 152: in regulatory safety inspections re
Page 153 and 154: 2010 Strategic Energy Plan, which h
Page 155 and 156: The options for how such targets wo
Page 157 and 158: seismic fault line at the site. The
Page 159 and 160: The IRRS team concluded that the NR
Page 161 and 162: meeting the new regulatory guidelin
Page 163 and 164: declared for the reactor and while
Page 165 and 166: However, observers saw a “dramati
Page 167 and 168: Despite the government’s commitme
Page 169 and 170: end of March 2014, unit 1 of Lungme
Page 171 and 172: after its license had expired, but
Page 173 and 174: The following section provides a sh
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espectively over one month and two
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On 22 December 2015, FANC authorize
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In parallel, Fortum Power has been
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levels. It now looks plausible that
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The Hinkley Point C Saga - A French
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esulting in a loss of market share,
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for lifetime extensions, before 3/1
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and coal-fired generation fell back
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announced in April 2004 that his go
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nuclear energy, in the form of dire
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for the £16 billion (US$30 billion
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to begin operating in 2024. 829 How
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2019. 839 In December 2015, BKW off
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assist in financing. 851 Westinghou
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Hungary has only one nuclear power
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concluded that when making assumpti
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in 2012 and 2013. 893 However, the
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of the MNPP [Medzamor Nuclear Power
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eactors at the site has been put ba
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Ukraine has 15 operating reactors,
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Annex 2: Japanese Nuclear Reactor S
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Comments WNISR considers that the 1
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Notes: Top: Air dose at 1 m height
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Annex 5: Status of Lifetime Extensi
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Plant Grid Connection Extension App
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Tomas Kåberger has a MSc in Engine
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Annex 7: Abbreviations ABWR AEA AEC
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GPSC GUE/NGL GWEC IAEA IANS IAS ICC
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PLEC PLEX PPA PRIS PV PWR PXE RAPS-
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Annex 8: Status of Nuclear Power in
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Annex 9: Nuclear Reactors in the Wo
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Country/Reactors Units MWe (net) Co
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15 Delayed again. A further delay o
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38 Delayed several times. This esti
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