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TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ............................................................................................................................. 8 Executive Summary and Conclusions .................................................................................. 10 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 18 General Overview Worldwide ............................................................................................ 19 The Role of Nuclear Power .......................................................................................................... 19 Operation, Power Generation, Age Distribution .......................................................................... 22 Overview of Current New Build ................................................................................................... 27 Construction Times ............................................................................................................. 29 Construction Times of Reactors Currently Under Construction ..................................................... 29 Construction Times of Past and Currently Operating Reactors ..................................................... 29 Construction Starts and Cancellations ................................................................................ 31 Operating Age .................................................................................................................... 33 Lifetime Projections ........................................................................................................... 36 Potential Newcomer Countries ........................................................................................... 39 Under Construction ..................................................................................................................... 40 Contracts Signed or in Advanced Development ............................................................................ 43 “Committed Plans” ..................................................................................................................... 49 “Well Developed Plans” ............................................................................................................... 54 Conclusion on Potential Newcomer Countries ............................................................................. 58 Nuclear Finances: Corporate Meltdown? ............................................................................ 60 Nuclear Builders and Vendors ...................................................................................................... 71 Conclusion on Corporate Finances ............................................................................................... 74 Chernobyl+30 Status Report ............................................................................................... 75 General Overview of the Chernobyl Site ...................................................................................... 75 Sequence and Origin of the Accident on 26 April 1986 ................................................................. 76 Onsite Challenges ................................................................................................................ 76 Dispersion of Radioactivity .......................................................................................................... 78 Populations Affected ................................................................................................................... 80 Health Impacts ............................................................................................................................ 81 The “Sarcophagus” ...................................................................................................................... 83 G-7 Support of Shutdown of RMBK and VVER 440-230 Reactors .................................................. 83 Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt et al. 3 World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2016
EBRD Chernobyl Decommissioning/Spent Fuel Storage Program ................................................. 84 Liquid Radioactive Wastes Treatment Plant ................................................................................. 86 Industrial Complex on Solid Radioactive Wastes Management .................................................... 86 Shelter Implementation Plan/New Safe Confinement , , ............................................................... 87 Fukushima+5 Status Report ................................................................................................ 89 Onsite Challenges , ....................................................................................................................... 89 Decommissioning Plan ............................................................................................................... 89 Current Status of Each Reactor .................................................................................................. 89 Contaminated Water Management ........................................................................................... 90 Current status of workers ........................................................................................................... 92 Offsite Challenges ........................................................................................................................ 93 Current Status of Evacuation ...................................................................................................... 93 Radiation Exposure and Health Effects ...................................................................................... 95 Food and Environmental Contamination ................................................................................... 96 Costs ........................................................................................................................................... 98 Fukushima vs. Chernobyl .................................................................................................... 99 Source Term .............................................................................................................................. 101 Radiation Exposures .................................................................................................................. 101 Nuclear Power vs. Renewable Energy Deployment ........................................................... 103 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 103 Investment ................................................................................................................................ 105 Installed Capacity ...................................................................................................................... 107 Electricity Generation ................................................................................................................ 108 Status and Trends in China, the EU, India, and the U.S. .............................................................. 109 Conclusion on Nuclear Power vs. Renewable Energies ............................................................... 115 Annexes ........................................................................................................................... 116 Annex 1: Overview by Region and Country ....................................................................... 117 Africa ......................................................................................................................................... 117 The Americas ............................................................................................................................. 119 United States Focus ................................................................................................................... 125 Struggling Reactors ................................................................................................................... 128 New Reactor Projects—Delayed, Suspended, Cancelled ......................................................... 136 Pending Combined Operating License Applications (COLA)..................................................... 138 Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt et al. 4 World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2016
Page 1 and 2: A MYCLE SCHNEIDER CONSULTING PROJEC
Page 3: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project coordin
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Nuclear
Page 9 and 10: Foreword by Tomas Kåberger 1 The W
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary and Conclusions K
Page 13 and 14: WNISR classifies 36 Japanese reacto
Page 15 and 16: AREVA Debacle (new episode). The Fr
Page 17 and 18: Fukushima Prefecture, 70 percent of
Page 19 and 20: Introduction A major accident, like
Page 21 and 22: the past two decades, nuclear power
Page 23 and 24: There were three exceptions in 2015
Page 25 and 26: In the first half of 2016, three re
Page 27 and 28: The current world fleet has a total
Page 29 and 30: However, many of those projects (48
Page 31 and 32: Table 2: Reactor Construction Times
Page 33 and 34: Figure 11: Construction Starts in t
Page 35 and 36: large-scale new-build. Having asses
Page 37 and 38: Figure 15: Age Distribution of 164
Page 39 and 40: timeframe are highly unlikely given
Page 41 and 42: The IAEA says that, “seven countr
Page 43 and 44: for four units equaled approximatel
Page 45 and 46: Over the past year, the design sele
Page 47 and 48: In Turkey, up to three projects are
Page 49 and 50: electricity generating company (EÜ
Page 51 and 52: However, Rosatom highlighted the
Page 53 and 54: eportedly considering “suspending
Page 55 and 56:
start in 2020 and commercial operat
Page 57 and 58:
floating reactors. 160 There is als
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nonetheless suggested that the proj
Page 61 and 62:
Nuclear Finances: Corporate Meltdow
Page 63 and 64:
in the U.S. in 2013 from US$5/MBTU
Page 65 and 66:
decides not to proceed with Hinkley
Page 67 and 68:
market capital for renewable energy
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apply across the whole European mar
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Supervision and Administration Comm
Page 73 and 74:
export market to countries such as
Page 75 and 76:
Conclusion on Corporate Finances Th
Page 77 and 78:
Sequence and Origin of the Accident
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a source of carbon dioxide to smoth
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 29: Cumulative I-131 Concent
Page 83 and 84:
In total, TORCH-2016 (The Other Rep
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in Lithuania, Kozloduy units 1 to 4
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The ISF-2 has been completed, pre-c
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emove the fuel-containing masses (c
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around 4.4 m 3 /hour. 270 Therefore
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Current status of workers The gover
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The government is aggressively seek
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(Full-scale Thyroid Screening Progr
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Costs 315 TEPCO continues to pay co
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contamination. In all parameters li
Page 103 and 104:
However, the average thyroid dose i
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• The Global Energy Assessment 20
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decisions for the construction of n
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consecutive year, making up about 7
Page 111 and 112:
US$43 billion and wind power was US
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 39: Changes in EU Nuclear, S
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hydro renewables power generation a
Page 117 and 118:
Annexes Annex 1: Overview by Region
Page 119 and 120:
The November 2013 edition of the In
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its rated power 374 and until 26 Ma
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ebuilding its Gentilly-2 nuclear at
Page 125 and 126:
LTEP, released in December 2013, co
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The U.S. reactor fleet provided 798
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units had received a license extens
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the capacity market auctions, the p
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subsidies already. First, Illinois
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Conservation (DEC) to deny the plan
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& 2 in Illinois, Pilgrim in Massach
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Pending Combined Operating License
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traditionally been sited, but also
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projects only after Sanmen-1 ‘suc
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geographically the nuclear plant th
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(US$6.6 billion), 546 to as low as
Page 149 and 150:
work on site in India for six AP100
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in regulatory safety inspections re
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2010 Strategic Energy Plan, which h
Page 155 and 156:
The options for how such targets wo
Page 157 and 158:
seismic fault line at the site. The
Page 159 and 160:
The IRRS team concluded that the NR
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meeting the new regulatory guidelin
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declared for the reactor and while
Page 165 and 166:
However, observers saw a “dramati
Page 167 and 168:
Despite the government’s commitme
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end of March 2014, unit 1 of Lungme
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after its license had expired, but
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The following section provides a sh
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espectively over one month and two
Page 177 and 178:
On 22 December 2015, FANC authorize
Page 179 and 180:
In parallel, Fortum Power has been
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levels. It now looks plausible that
Page 183 and 184:
The Hinkley Point C Saga - A French
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esulting in a loss of market share,
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for lifetime extensions, before 3/1
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and coal-fired generation fell back
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announced in April 2004 that his go
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nuclear energy, in the form of dire
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for the £16 billion (US$30 billion
Page 197 and 198:
to begin operating in 2024. 829 How
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2019. 839 In December 2015, BKW off
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assist in financing. 851 Westinghou
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Hungary has only one nuclear power
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concluded that when making assumpti
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in 2012 and 2013. 893 However, the
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of the MNPP [Medzamor Nuclear Power
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eactors at the site has been put ba
Page 213 and 214:
Ukraine has 15 operating reactors,
Page 215 and 216:
Annex 2: Japanese Nuclear Reactor S
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Comments WNISR considers that the 1
Page 219 and 220:
Notes: Top: Air dose at 1 m height
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Annex 5: Status of Lifetime Extensi
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Plant Grid Connection Extension App
Page 225 and 226:
Tomas Kåberger has a MSc in Engine
Page 227 and 228:
Annex 7: Abbreviations ABWR AEA AEC
Page 229 and 230:
GPSC GUE/NGL GWEC IAEA IANS IAS ICC
Page 231 and 232:
PLEC PLEX PPA PRIS PV PWR PXE RAPS-
Page 233 and 234:
Annex 8: Status of Nuclear Power in
Page 235 and 236:
Annex 9: Nuclear Reactors in the Wo
Page 237 and 238:
Country/Reactors Units MWe (net) Co
Page 239 and 240:
15 Delayed again. A further delay o
Page 241:
38 Delayed several times. This esti
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