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The 13 th Five Year Plan is also proposing to increase the installed capacity of wind to 250 GW by 2020. 348 Chinese officials envisage that there will be 58 GW of nuclear capacity in operation by 2020, 349 up from 29.4 GW in mid-2016. However, the 21 units with 21.5 GW under construction will not be sufficient to reach the target. And the average construction time of the 25 units that China brought on line over the past decade was 5.7 years and many of the units under construction encounter significant delays. It appears therefore practically impossible for the country to reach its 2020 nuclear target. While the power sector in China continues to be dominated by coal, the growth rate of non-fossil fuels is still impressive. This increase in electricity production is delivering changes in the power mix. While China's the nuclear buildup is fast—production increase by a factor of over three in 10 years, a factor of ten in 15 years—the renewable energy deployment has been breathtaking. In a decade Wind power increased generation from virtually nothing, that is less than 0.1 TWh in 2006 to 185 TWh in 2015. Solar PV went from less than 1 TWh in 2010 to 39 TWh in 2015 (see Figure 37). In the European Union, between 2000 and 2015, the net changes in the capacity of power plants are estimated to be an increase of 129 GW in wind, 99 GW in natural gas and 96 GW in solar, while there have been decreases in nuclear by 14.8 GW, coal 28.3 GW and fuel oil by 28.2 GW. 350 Figure 38: Startup and Shutdown of Electricity Generating Capacity in the EU in 2015 GWe 15 12.8 Startup and Shutdown of Electricity Generating Capacity in the EU 2015 (by Energy Source in GWe) 10 8.5 5 0 -5 -0.3 1.9 -4.3 0.5 -0.5 4.7 -3.3 0.2 -1.8 -10 © Mycle Schneider Consulting Wind PV Natural Gas Other Renewables -8.1 Coal Fuel Oil Nuclear Source: European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) 2016 351 348 GWEC, “Global Wind Report, Annual Market Update 2015”, April 2016, see http://www.gwec.net/wpcontent/uploads/vip/GWEC-Global-Wind-2015-Report_April-2016_22_04.pdf, accessed 30 June 2016. 349Reuters, “China on course to meet 2020 nuclear capacity targets -official”, 27 January 2016, see http://www.cnbc.com/2016/01/27/reuters-america-china-on-course-to-meet-2020-nuclear-capacity-targetsofficial.html, accessed 23 May 2016. 350 European Wind Energy Association, “Wind in Power, 2015 European statistics”, February 2016. 351 EWEA, “Wind in Power, 2015 European statistics”, February 2016. Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt et al. 111 World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2016
Figure 39: Changes in EU Nuclear, Solar and Wind Power Production Since Signing of the Kyoto Protocol TWh 400 Variations in Electricity Production Compared to Reference-Year 1997 in the EU from Wind, Solar and Nuclear (in TWh) 303 300 227 244 200 100 Wind Nuclear Solar 57 65 75 125 141 198 71 85 97 109 37 60 14 23 0 -100 0 2 © Mycle Schneider Consulting -32 -9 -47 -65 EU 2015 renewable electricity production highlights included: Sources: BP Statistical Review 352 , IAEA-PRIS 2016 • In Germany, renewable energy sources – solar, wind, hydropower, and biomass – provided 30.1 percent of gross national electricity consumption. • Denmark had another record year, with wind power providing a 42 percent of the Danes’ electricity consumption. 353 • In Spain, more electricity was produced by solar PV and wind power, than nuclear. While all renewables combined produced more electricity than the total from fossil fuels. 354 • In the U.K., renewables’ (including hydro) share of electricity generation increased to 24.7 percent, from 19.1 per cent in 2014. In total 83.3 TWh of power were produced by renewables, compared to 63.9 TWh for nuclear (18.9 percent). 355 352 Figures including data from: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, U.K.. 353 Energinet.dk, “New record-breaking year for Danish wind”, 15 January 2016, see http://energinet.dk/EN/El/Nyheder/Sider/Dansk-vindstroem-slaar-igen-rekord-42-procent.aspx, accessed 30 June 2016. 354 RedElectrica de Espana, “The Spanish Electricity System Preliminary Report, 2015”, January 2016. 355 U.K. Government, “Energy Trends: renewables”, 14 April 2016, see https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/energy-trends-section-6-renewables, accessed 8 May 2016. Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt et al. 112 World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2016
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A MYCLE SCHNEIDER CONSULTING PROJEC
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project coordin
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EBRD Chernobyl Decommissioning/Spen
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TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Nuclear
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Foreword by Tomas Kåberger 1 The W
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Executive Summary and Conclusions K
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WNISR classifies 36 Japanese reacto
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AREVA Debacle (new episode). The Fr
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Fukushima Prefecture, 70 percent of
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Introduction A major accident, like
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the past two decades, nuclear power
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There were three exceptions in 2015
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In the first half of 2016, three re
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The current world fleet has a total
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However, many of those projects (48
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Table 2: Reactor Construction Times
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Figure 11: Construction Starts in t
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large-scale new-build. Having asses
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Figure 15: Age Distribution of 164
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timeframe are highly unlikely given
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The IAEA says that, “seven countr
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for four units equaled approximatel
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Over the past year, the design sele
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In Turkey, up to three projects are
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electricity generating company (EÜ
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However, Rosatom highlighted the
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eportedly considering “suspending
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start in 2020 and commercial operat
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floating reactors. 160 There is als
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nonetheless suggested that the proj
Page 61 and 62: Nuclear Finances: Corporate Meltdow
Page 63 and 64: in the U.S. in 2013 from US$5/MBTU
Page 65 and 66: decides not to proceed with Hinkley
Page 67 and 68: market capital for renewable energy
Page 69 and 70: apply across the whole European mar
Page 71 and 72: Supervision and Administration Comm
Page 73 and 74: export market to countries such as
Page 75 and 76: Conclusion on Corporate Finances Th
Page 77 and 78: Sequence and Origin of the Accident
Page 79 and 80: a source of carbon dioxide to smoth
Page 81 and 82: Figure 29: Cumulative I-131 Concent
Page 83 and 84: In total, TORCH-2016 (The Other Rep
Page 85 and 86: in Lithuania, Kozloduy units 1 to 4
Page 87 and 88: The ISF-2 has been completed, pre-c
Page 89 and 90: emove the fuel-containing masses (c
Page 91 and 92: around 4.4 m 3 /hour. 270 Therefore
Page 93 and 94: Current status of workers The gover
Page 95 and 96: The government is aggressively seek
Page 97 and 98: (Full-scale Thyroid Screening Progr
Page 99 and 100: Costs 315 TEPCO continues to pay co
Page 101 and 102: contamination. In all parameters li
Page 103 and 104: However, the average thyroid dose i
Page 105 and 106: • The Global Energy Assessment 20
Page 107 and 108: decisions for the construction of n
Page 109 and 110: consecutive year, making up about 7
Page 111: US$43 billion and wind power was US
Page 115 and 116: hydro renewables power generation a
Page 117 and 118: Annexes Annex 1: Overview by Region
Page 119 and 120: The November 2013 edition of the In
Page 121 and 122: its rated power 374 and until 26 Ma
Page 123 and 124: ebuilding its Gentilly-2 nuclear at
Page 125 and 126: LTEP, released in December 2013, co
Page 127 and 128: The U.S. reactor fleet provided 798
Page 129 and 130: units had received a license extens
Page 131 and 132: the capacity market auctions, the p
Page 133 and 134: subsidies already. First, Illinois
Page 135 and 136: Conservation (DEC) to deny the plan
Page 137 and 138: & 2 in Illinois, Pilgrim in Massach
Page 139 and 140: Pending Combined Operating License
Page 141 and 142: traditionally been sited, but also
Page 143 and 144: projects only after Sanmen-1 ‘suc
Page 145 and 146: geographically the nuclear plant th
Page 147 and 148: (US$6.6 billion), 546 to as low as
Page 149 and 150: work on site in India for six AP100
Page 151 and 152: in regulatory safety inspections re
Page 153 and 154: 2010 Strategic Energy Plan, which h
Page 155 and 156: The options for how such targets wo
Page 157 and 158: seismic fault line at the site. The
Page 159 and 160: The IRRS team concluded that the NR
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declared for the reactor and while
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However, observers saw a “dramati
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Despite the government’s commitme
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end of March 2014, unit 1 of Lungme
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after its license had expired, but
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The following section provides a sh
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espectively over one month and two
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On 22 December 2015, FANC authorize
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In parallel, Fortum Power has been
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levels. It now looks plausible that
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The Hinkley Point C Saga - A French
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esulting in a loss of market share,
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for lifetime extensions, before 3/1
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and coal-fired generation fell back
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announced in April 2004 that his go
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nuclear energy, in the form of dire
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for the £16 billion (US$30 billion
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to begin operating in 2024. 829 How
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2019. 839 In December 2015, BKW off
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assist in financing. 851 Westinghou
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Hungary has only one nuclear power
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concluded that when making assumpti
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in 2012 and 2013. 893 However, the
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of the MNPP [Medzamor Nuclear Power
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eactors at the site has been put ba
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Ukraine has 15 operating reactors,
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Annex 2: Japanese Nuclear Reactor S
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Comments WNISR considers that the 1
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Notes: Top: Air dose at 1 m height
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Annex 5: Status of Lifetime Extensi
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Plant Grid Connection Extension App
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Tomas Kåberger has a MSc in Engine
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Annex 7: Abbreviations ABWR AEA AEC
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GPSC GUE/NGL GWEC IAEA IANS IAS ICC
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PLEC PLEX PPA PRIS PV PWR PXE RAPS-
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Annex 8: Status of Nuclear Power in
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Annex 9: Nuclear Reactors in the Wo
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Country/Reactors Units MWe (net) Co
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15 Delayed again. A further delay o
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38 Delayed several times. This esti
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