Grasslands of the World.pdf - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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CRSP Collaborative Research Support Program (United States of America) CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CYE comparative yield estimate DGR daily growth rates DLWG daily liveweight gain DSS decision support system DWR dry weight rank EEA/EEPRI Ethiopian Economic Association/Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute ENSO El Niño-Southern Oscillation ephemeroids Russian term denoting perennials whose vegetative parts die down annually (e.g. Poa bulbosa) foggage reserved standing herbage for grazing after the growing season FO forage offer FSAU Food Security Analysis Unit (Somalia) FSU former Soviet Union garrigue low growing secondary vegetation with aromatic herbs and prickly dwarf shrubs in the Mediterranean basin GEF Global Environment Facility ger Mongolian herders mobile felt dwelling (Russian yurt) GIS geographical information system GLASOD Global Assessment of Soil Degradation (global study published in 1990 by the UNEP and the International Soil Reference and Information Centre in cooperation with the Winand Staring Centre, the International Society of Soil Science, FAO and the International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences) GSSA Grassland Society of Southern Africa GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit HPG high performance grazing HUG high utilization grazing IBP International Biological Program IEA Instituto Ecologia Applicata, Rome, Italy IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme INIA Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria INTA Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria [National Institute for Agricultural Technology, Argentina] IFEVA-UBA Instituto de Investicaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas – Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina) xix
xx IUCN The World Conservation Union khainag yak × cattle hybrid (Mongolia) khot ail traditional herding unit of households camping and working together (Mongolia) Kolkhoz a collective or cooperative farm in the soviet system Kray territory (Russian Federation) LADA land degradation assessment in drylands LAI leaf area index Landsat TM land remote-sensing satellite – thematic mapper LAR leaf appearance rate LER leaf expansion rate LEWS Livestock Early Warning System LFA landscape function analysis liman flood meadow (Russian Federation) LLS leaf life span LSU livestock unit LTER Long-Term Ecological Research (this is a Network/ Program in the United States of America) LWG liveweight gain malezales marshy, low-lying wetlands – South America masl metres above sea level matorral drought-resistant Mediterranean scrub, taller than garrigue (= French maquis) MAP mean annual precipitation negdel Mongolian former cooperative — replaced by sum NDVI normalized difference vegetation index NIRS near infra-red spectroscopy NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (United States of America) nomadism generally used of pastoral groups thought to have no fixed base, but follow entirely erratic rain storms Oblast region (Russian Federation) OM organic matter otor movement of livestock to distant pasture to improve condition PAGE policy analysis of the greenhouse effect PAR photosynthetically active radiation PAP primary aerial productivity ppm parts per million PROLANA El Programa para Mejorar la Calidad de la Lana Argentina rakhi alcoholic drink distilled from airag RAPD random amplified polymorphic DNA
Page 3 and 4: The views expressed in this publica
Page 5 and 6: iv Bush encroachment 60 Rehabilitat
Page 7 and 8: vi Grazing management 139 Sheep man
Page 9 and 10: viii Grazing lands, pasture and fod
Page 11 and 12: x Future 374 References 374 Chapter
Page 13 and 14: xii Herd management 474 Stocking ra
Page 15 and 16: xiv and environmental factors. Rese
Page 17 and 18: xvi or copied without her permissio
Page 19: xviii Glossary of technical terms a
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.1 Extent of the world’s
Page 25 and 26: 2 Plate 1.2 Mosaic of cultivated cr
Page 27 and 28: 4 Plate 1.4 Horse herd on grassland
Page 29 and 30: 6 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.8
Page 31 and 32: 8 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.1
Page 33 and 34: 10 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.
Page 37 and 38: 14 Grasslands of the world century.
Page 39 and 40: The above coverage leaves some obvi
Page 41 and 42: 18 Grasslands of the world Riveros,
Page 43 and 44: 20 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Chad Cent
Page 49 and 50: 26 Plate 2.2 Large non-ruminant her
Page 57 and 58: 34 Grasslands of the world low pala
Page 59 and 60: 36 Grasslands of the world is impor
Page 61 and 62: 38 Grasslands of the world recently
Page 63 and 64: 40 Grasslands of the world degradat
Page 65 and 66: 42 Grasslands of the world leasehol
Page 67 and 68: 44 Grasslands of the world However,
Page 69 and 70: 46 Grasslands of the world technolo
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48 Grasslands of the world subsiste
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50 Grasslands of the world able to
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52 Grasslands of the world Plate 2.
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54 Grasslands of the world tall veg
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56 Grasslands of the world with wil
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58 Grasslands of the world fragment
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60 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Chad Cent
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62 Grasslands of the world Reseedin
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64 Grasslands of the world last to
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66 Grasslands of the world Bourn, D
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68 Grasslands of the world Ellis, J
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70 Grasslands of the world the Euro
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72 Grasslands of the world Niamir,
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74 Grasslands of the world Schlesin
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76 Grasslands of the world Wilen, C
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78 Grasslands of the world INTRODUC
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80 Figure 3.2 The extent of grassla
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84 Grasslands of the world Figure 3
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86 Grasslands of the world PEOPLE H
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88 Grasslands of the world The gras
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90 Grasslands of the world Here, la
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92 Grasslands of the world crop res
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94 Grasslands of the world Grasslan
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98 Grasslands of the world These gr
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100 Grasslands of the world high fl
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102 Grasslands of the world product
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104 Grasslands of the world Figure
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106 Plate 3.5 Foggage Kikuyu for wi
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108 Grasslands of the world Plate 3
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110 Grasslands of the world zation
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112 Grasslands of the world imagery
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114 Grasslands of the world Kalahar
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116 Grasslands of the world impleme
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118 Grasslands of the world Grossma
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120 Grasslands of the world Trollop
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122 Grasslands of the world farming
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124 ��
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126 Sheep numbers (millions) 20 15
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128 28 6 8 58 Title deed Legal occu
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130 Grasslands of the world into eq
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132 Figure 4.5 Biozones of Patagoni
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134 Grasslands of the world Semi-de
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136 Plate 4.3 A shrub steppe in the
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138 Grasslands of the world 2001).
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140 Grasslands of the world SHEEP M
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142 Grasslands of the world Patagon
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144 Grasslands of the world scarcit
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146 Grasslands of the world (Cavagn
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148 Grasslands of the world the gen
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150 Grasslands of the world In 1989
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152 TABLE 4.4 Complexity levels of
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154 Grasslands of the world could b
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156 Grasslands of the world of nort
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158 Grasslands of the world Bottini
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160 Grasslands of the world Reunió
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162 Grasslands of the world Ecolog
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164 Grasslands of the world Mainwar
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166 Grasslands of the world Oliva,
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168 Grasslands of the world Sain, C
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170 Grasslands of the world austral
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172 Figure 5.1 The Campos region of
Page 197 and 198:
174 Grasslands of the world bezoart
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176 Grasslands of the world On the
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178 Grasslands of the world Product
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180 Grasslands of the world Some sp
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182 Plate 5.1 Landscape in the Sier
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186 Grasslands of the world Salt de
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188 Grasslands of the world TABLE 5
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190 Grasslands of the world soils d
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192 (c) Grassland with Melica macra
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Page 219 and 220:
196 Figure 5.3 Forage offer (FO ) a
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198 Grasslands of the world which a
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200 Grasslands of the world Fertili
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202 Grasslands of the world their c
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204 Grasslands of the world Paspalu
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210 Grasslands of the world Researc
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212 Grasslands of the world It is n
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214 Grasslands of the world Subtrop
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216 Grasslands of the world (Argent
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218 Grasslands of the world para Ba
Page 243 and 244:
Grasslands of central North America
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REX PIEPER REX PIEPER Grasslands of
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Page 249 and 250:
S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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MAE ELSINGER DUANE McCARTNEY Grassl
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JEFF PRINTZ, USDA-NRCS JEFF PRINTZ,
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S.G. REYNOLDS DUANE McCARTNEY Grass
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MAE ELSINGER Grasslands of central
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Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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Page 287 and 288:
266 Figure 7.1 Map of Mongolia . Pl
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268 TABLE 7.1 Land resources of Mon
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270 TABLE 7.3 Projected total popul
Page 293 and 294:
272 Plate 7.5 Wheat was once grown
Page 295 and 296:
274 Grasslands of the world made of
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276 Grasslands of the world four ho
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278 Plate 7.9 Saddle horses on hitc
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280 TABLE 7.5 Haymaking by producer
Page 303 and 304:
282 Plate 7.11 Meadow grazing - Ark
Page 305 and 306:
284 Grasslands of the world croppin
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286 TABLE 7.10 Evolution of stock n
Page 309 and 310:
288 Plate 7.14 Polled yak in autumn
Page 311 and 312:
290 Figure 7.3 Evolution of stock u
Page 313 and 314:
292 Grasslands of the world of this
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Page 317 and 318:
296 Grasslands of the world can go
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298 Grasslands of the world arable
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300 Grasslands of the world regulat
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302 Grasslands of the world systems
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304 Grasslands of the world Suttie,
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306 Grasslands of the world Figure
Page 329 and 330:
308 Plate 8.3 Harvested wheat in th
Page 331 and 332:
310 Grasslands of the world Tang. T
Page 333 and 334:
312 TABLE 8.1 Grassland types of th
Page 335 and 336:
314 Plate 8.5 Poa alpina . Plate 8.
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316 Grasslands of the world precipi
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Page 341 and 342:
320 Grasslands of the world of the
Page 343 and 344:
322 Plate 8.11 Kokonor camp with th
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324 Plate 8.14 Milk collection. Pla
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326 Grasslands of the world The num
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328 Grasslands of the world part of
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Page 353 and 354:
332 Grasslands of the world 340 000
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334 Plate 8.20 Longri summer camp.
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336 Grasslands of the world There i
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338 Grasslands of the world Clarke,
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340 Grasslands of the world Kush-Hi
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342 Grasslands of the world William
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344 Grasslands of the world grazing
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346 Grasslands of the world Growing
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348 Grasslands of the world that co
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350 Grasslands of the world cessati
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352 Grasslands of the world This zo
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354 Figure 9.2 Natural vegetation z
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356 Grasslands of the world or loam
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358 Grasslands of the world after r
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360 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 (a) Queensl
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362 Grasslands of the world Tropica
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364 Grasslands of the world AVAILAB
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Page 389 and 390:
368 Grasslands of the world from th
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370 Grasslands of the world grassla
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374 Grasslands of the world FUTURE
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376 Grasslands of the world Hall, T
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378 Grasslands of the world Martin,
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380 Grasslands of the world Wilson,
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382 Figure 10.1 Extent of grassland
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384 Grasslands of the world with su
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386 Grasslands of the world was to
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388 Plate 10.1 Agropyron pectinifor
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390 Plate 10.3 Festuca sulcata Gras
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392 Grasslands of the world The FSU
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394 Grasslands of the world thinkin
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396 TABLE 10.4 Climate data of the
Page 419 and 420:
398 Plate 10.5 Kochia prostrata Pla
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400 Plate 10.7 Forest -steppe with
Page 423 and 424:
402 Grasslands of the world Young f
Page 425 and 426:
404 Plate 10.9 Poa bulbosa. Grassla
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406 Grasslands of the world shade-l
Page 429 and 430:
408 Grasslands of the world Physica
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410 Grasslands of the world Mikheev
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412 Grasslands of the world it was
Page 435 and 436:
414 Grasslands of the world of grou
Page 437 and 438:
416 Grasslands of the world Vil’y
Page 439 and 440:
418 Plate 11.1 Trifolium fragiferum
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420 Plate 11.2 Millet, a major crop
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
424 Grasslands of the world sudania
Page 447 and 448:
426 Grasslands of the world perenni
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428 Plate 11.8 Park grasslands in N
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430 Grasslands of the world In Para
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432 Plate 11.10b A grassland domina
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434 Grasslands of the world the nor
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436 Grasslands of the world remaini
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438 Plate 11.15 Small ruminants on
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440 Plate 11.19 Qinghai - motorcycl
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442 Plate 11.21 Leymus chinensis .
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444 Plate 11.22 The Himalaya -Hindu
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446 Plate 11.24 Transhumant Kuchi f
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448 Grasslands of the world grazing
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450 Plate 11.27 Delivering fodder t
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452 Plate 11.29 Syrian rangeland ha
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454 Grasslands of the world tains.
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456 Grasslands of the world Turkey
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458 Plate 11.31 Sainfoin (Onobrychi
Page 481 and 482:
460 Grasslands of the world Gintzbu
Page 483 and 484:
Grassland perspectives 463 Chapter
Page 485 and 486:
Grassland perspectives 465 as well
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ALICE CARLONI ALICE CARLONI Grassla
Page 489 and 490:
Grassland perspectives 469 The gras
Page 491 and 492:
Grassland perspectives 471 Trees an
Page 493 and 494:
Grassland perspectives 473 is lost.
Page 495 and 496:
Grassland perspectives 475 breeding
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Grassland perspectives 477 traditio
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Grassland perspectives 479 the numb
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Grassland perspectives 481 to sown
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S.G. REYNOLDS SARDI Grassland persp
Page 505 and 506:
MAGNUS HALLING SARDI Grassland pers
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Grassland perspectives 487 fencing
Page 509 and 510:
MARZIO MARZOT Grassland perspective
Page 511 and 512:
S.G. REYNOLDS Grassland perspective
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Grassland perspectives 493 extremel
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Index 495 A Acacia spp. 31, 34, 36,
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Index 497 B Baccharis spp. 175, 182
Page 519 and 520:
Index 499 Chamaecrista spp. 199, 37
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Index 501 ciliatum 199 elegans 199
Page 523 and 524:
Index 503 fl echillares 176, 177 fl
Page 525 and 526:
Index 505 I Imperata spp. 3, 442, 4
Page 527 and 528:
Index 507 sheep 288, 323, 326, 330
Page 529 and 530:
Index 509 Poa spp. 133, 134, 135, 1
Page 531 and 532:
Index 511 Sheep 14, 15, 38, 39, 84,
Page 533 and 534:
Index 513 Tiller density 204 Touris
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