Grasslands of the World.pdf - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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The Tibetan Steppe 341 Miller, D. & Schaller, G. 1997. Conservation threats to the Chang Tang Wildlife Reserve, Tibet . Ambio, 26(3): 185–186. Miller, D. & Schaller, G. 1998. Rangeland dynamics in the Chang Tang Wildlife Reserve, Tibet , pp. 125–147, in: I. Stellrecht (ed). Karakorum-Hindukush-Himalaya : Dynamics of Change. Koln, Germany: Rudiger Koppe Verlag. Mou, X., Deng, L. & Gu, A. 1992. [Rangelands of Xizang (Tibet )] (In Chinese). Beijing, China : Science Press. Ni, J. 2002. Carbon storage in grasslands of China . Journal of Arid Environments, 50: 205–218. Niamir-Fuller, M. 1999. Managing Mobility in African Rangelands: the Legitimization of Transhumance. London, UK: IT Publications, on behalf of FAO and Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics. Olson, D. & Dinerstein, E. 1997. The Global 200: Conserving the World’s Distinctive Ecoregions. Conservation Science Program, WWF-US, Washington, D.C., USA Ryavec, K. & Vergin, H. 1998. Population and rangelands in Central Tibet : A GIS - based approach. GeoJournal, 48(1): 61–72. Schaller, G. 1998. Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppe . Chicago, USA : University of Chicago Press. Sheehy, D. 2001. The rangelands, land degradation and black beach: A review of research reports and discussions. pp. 5–9, in: N. van Wageningen and Sa Wenjun (eds). The Living Plateau: Changing Lives of Herders in Qinghai. Kathmandu, Nepal : ICIMOD. Sheehy, D. 2000. Range resource management planning on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Unpublished report, prepared for the Qinghai Livestock Development Project. ALA/CHN/9344. EU Project, Xining, Qinghai Province, China . Sneath, D. 1998. State policy and pasture degradation in Inner Asia. Science, 281: 1147–1148. Sneath, D. & Humphrey, C. 1996. Culture and Environment in Inner Asia: I. The Pastoral Economy and the Environment. Cambridge, UK: White Horse Press. Stringham, T., Krueger, W. & Thomas, D. 2001. Application of non-equilibrium ecology to rangeland riparian zones . Journal of Range Management, 54(3): 210– 217. Thomas, A. 1999. Overview of the geoecology of the Gongga Shan Range, Sichuan Province, China . Mountain Research and Development, 19(1): 17–30. Vaurie, C. 1970. Tibet and its Birds. London, UK: Witherby. Walter, H. & Box, E. 1983. The deserts of Central Asia . pp. 193–236, in: N. West (ed). Ecosystems of the World. V: Temperate Deserts and Semi-Deserts. New York, NY, USA : Elsevier. Westoby, M., Walker B. & Noy-Meir, I. 1989a. Range management on the basis of a model which does not seek to establish equilibrium. Journal of Arid Environments, 17: 235–239. Westoby, M., Walker B. & Noy-Meir, I. 1989b. Opportunistic management for rangelands not at equilibrium. Journal of Range Management, 44: 427–433.
342 Grasslands of the world Williams, D. 1996a. The barbed walls of China : A contemporary grassland drama. Journal of Asian Studies, 55(3): 665–691. Williams, D. 1996b. Grassland enclosures: Catalyst of land degradation in Inner Mongolia . Human Organization, 55(3): 307–312. World Bank. 2001. China : Air, Land and Water . Environmental Priorities for a New Millennium. Washington, D.C., USA : World Bank. Wu, N. 1998. Indigenous knowledge of yak breeding and crossbreeding among nomads in western Sichuan, China . Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 1(6): 7–9. Wu, N. 1997a. Tibetan pastoral dynamics and nomads’ adaptation to modernization in northwestern Sichuan, China . Unpublished research report (Grant No. 5947-97). National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C., USA . Wu, N. 1997b. Ecological Situation of High-Frigid Rangeland and Its Sustainability: A Case Study of the Constraints and Approaches in Pastoral Western Sichuan, China . Berlin, Germany: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
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The views expressed in this publica
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iv Bush encroachment 60 Rehabilitat
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vi Grazing management 139 Sheep man
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viii Grazing lands, pasture and fod
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x Future 374 References 374 Chapter
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xii Herd management 474 Stocking ra
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xiv and environmental factors. Rese
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xvi or copied without her permissio
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xviii Glossary of technical terms a
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xx IUCN The World Conservation Unio
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Figure 1.1 Extent of the world’s
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2 Plate 1.2 Mosaic of cultivated cr
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4 Plate 1.4 Horse herd on grassland
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6 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.8
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8 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.1
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10 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.
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14 Grasslands of the world century.
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The above coverage leaves some obvi
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18 Grasslands of the world Riveros,
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20 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Chad Cent
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26 Plate 2.2 Large non-ruminant her
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34 Grasslands of the world low pala
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36 Grasslands of the world is impor
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38 Grasslands of the world recently
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40 Grasslands of the world degradat
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42 Grasslands of the world leasehol
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44 Grasslands of the world However,
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46 Grasslands of the world technolo
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48 Grasslands of the world subsiste
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50 Grasslands of the world able to
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54 Grasslands of the world tall veg
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56 Grasslands of the world with wil
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58 Grasslands of the world fragment
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62 Grasslands of the world Reseedin
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64 Grasslands of the world last to
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66 Grasslands of the world Bourn, D
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68 Grasslands of the world Ellis, J
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70 Grasslands of the world the Euro
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72 Grasslands of the world Niamir,
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74 Grasslands of the world Schlesin
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76 Grasslands of the world Wilen, C
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78 Grasslands of the world INTRODUC
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80 Figure 3.2 The extent of grassla
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84 Grasslands of the world Figure 3
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86 Grasslands of the world PEOPLE H
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88 Grasslands of the world The gras
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90 Grasslands of the world Here, la
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92 Grasslands of the world crop res
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94 Grasslands of the world Grasslan
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98 Grasslands of the world These gr
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100 Grasslands of the world high fl
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102 Grasslands of the world product
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104 Grasslands of the world Figure
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106 Plate 3.5 Foggage Kikuyu for wi
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108 Grasslands of the world Plate 3
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110 Grasslands of the world zation
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112 Grasslands of the world imagery
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114 Grasslands of the world Kalahar
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116 Grasslands of the world impleme
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118 Grasslands of the world Grossma
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120 Grasslands of the world Trollop
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122 Grasslands of the world farming
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124 ��
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126 Sheep numbers (millions) 20 15
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128 28 6 8 58 Title deed Legal occu
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130 Grasslands of the world into eq
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132 Figure 4.5 Biozones of Patagoni
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134 Grasslands of the world Semi-de
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136 Plate 4.3 A shrub steppe in the
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138 Grasslands of the world 2001).
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140 Grasslands of the world SHEEP M
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142 Grasslands of the world Patagon
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144 Grasslands of the world scarcit
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146 Grasslands of the world (Cavagn
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148 Grasslands of the world the gen
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150 Grasslands of the world In 1989
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152 TABLE 4.4 Complexity levels of
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154 Grasslands of the world could b
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156 Grasslands of the world of nort
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158 Grasslands of the world Bottini
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160 Grasslands of the world Reunió
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162 Grasslands of the world Ecolog
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164 Grasslands of the world Mainwar
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166 Grasslands of the world Oliva,
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168 Grasslands of the world Sain, C
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170 Grasslands of the world austral
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172 Figure 5.1 The Campos region of
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174 Grasslands of the world bezoart
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176 Grasslands of the world On the
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178 Grasslands of the world Product
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180 Grasslands of the world Some sp
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182 Plate 5.1 Landscape in the Sier
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186 Grasslands of the world Salt de
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188 Grasslands of the world TABLE 5
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190 Grasslands of the world soils d
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192 (c) Grassland with Melica macra
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196 Figure 5.3 Forage offer (FO ) a
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198 Grasslands of the world which a
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200 Grasslands of the world Fertili
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202 Grasslands of the world their c
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204 Grasslands of the world Paspalu
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210 Grasslands of the world Researc
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212 Grasslands of the world It is n
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214 Grasslands of the world Subtrop
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216 Grasslands of the world (Argent
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218 Grasslands of the world para Ba
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Grasslands of central North America
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REX PIEPER REX PIEPER Grasslands of
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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MAE ELSINGER DUANE McCARTNEY Grassl
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JEFF PRINTZ, USDA-NRCS JEFF PRINTZ,
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S.G. REYNOLDS DUANE McCARTNEY Grass
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MAE ELSINGER Grasslands of central
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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266 Figure 7.1 Map of Mongolia . Pl
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268 TABLE 7.1 Land resources of Mon
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270 TABLE 7.3 Projected total popul
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272 Plate 7.5 Wheat was once grown
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274 Grasslands of the world made of
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276 Grasslands of the world four ho
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278 Plate 7.9 Saddle horses on hitc
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280 TABLE 7.5 Haymaking by producer
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282 Plate 7.11 Meadow grazing - Ark
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284 Grasslands of the world croppin
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286 TABLE 7.10 Evolution of stock n
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288 Plate 7.14 Polled yak in autumn
Page 311 and 312: 290 Figure 7.3 Evolution of stock u
Page 313 and 314: 292 Grasslands of the world of this
Page 315 and 316: 294 Grasslands of the world TABLE 7
Page 317 and 318: 296 Grasslands of the world can go
Page 319 and 320: 298 Grasslands of the world arable
Page 321 and 322: 300 Grasslands of the world regulat
Page 323 and 324: 302 Grasslands of the world systems
Page 325 and 326: 304 Grasslands of the world Suttie,
Page 327 and 328: 306 Grasslands of the world Figure
Page 329 and 330: 308 Plate 8.3 Harvested wheat in th
Page 331 and 332: 310 Grasslands of the world Tang. T
Page 333 and 334: 312 TABLE 8.1 Grassland types of th
Page 335 and 336: 314 Plate 8.5 Poa alpina . Plate 8.
Page 337 and 338: 316 Grasslands of the world precipi
Page 339 and 340: 318 Grasslands of the world TABLE 8
Page 341 and 342: 320 Grasslands of the world of the
Page 343 and 344: 322 Plate 8.11 Kokonor camp with th
Page 345 and 346: 324 Plate 8.14 Milk collection. Pla
Page 347 and 348: 326 Grasslands of the world The num
Page 349 and 350: 328 Grasslands of the world part of
Page 351 and 352: 330 Grasslands of the world Plate 8
Page 353 and 354: 332 Grasslands of the world 340 000
Page 355 and 356: 334 Plate 8.20 Longri summer camp.
Page 357 and 358: 336 Grasslands of the world There i
Page 359 and 360: 338 Grasslands of the world Clarke,
Page 361: 340 Grasslands of the world Kush-Hi
Page 365 and 366: 344 Grasslands of the world grazing
Page 367 and 368: 346 Grasslands of the world Growing
Page 369 and 370: 348 Grasslands of the world that co
Page 371 and 372: 350 Grasslands of the world cessati
Page 373 and 374: 352 Grasslands of the world This zo
Page 375 and 376: 354 Figure 9.2 Natural vegetation z
Page 377 and 378: 356 Grasslands of the world or loam
Page 379 and 380: 358 Grasslands of the world after r
Page 381 and 382: 360 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 (a) Queensl
Page 383 and 384: 362 Grasslands of the world Tropica
Page 385 and 386: 364 Grasslands of the world AVAILAB
Page 389 and 390: 368 Grasslands of the world from th
Page 391 and 392: 370 Grasslands of the world grassla
Page 395 and 396: 374 Grasslands of the world FUTURE
Page 397 and 398: 376 Grasslands of the world Hall, T
Page 399 and 400: 378 Grasslands of the world Martin,
Page 401 and 402: 380 Grasslands of the world Wilson,
Page 403 and 404: 382 Figure 10.1 Extent of grassland
Page 405 and 406: 384 Grasslands of the world with su
Page 407 and 408: 386 Grasslands of the world was to
Page 409 and 410: 388 Plate 10.1 Agropyron pectinifor
Page 411 and 412: 390 Plate 10.3 Festuca sulcata Gras
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392 Grasslands of the world The FSU
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394 Grasslands of the world thinkin
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396 TABLE 10.4 Climate data of the
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398 Plate 10.5 Kochia prostrata Pla
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400 Plate 10.7 Forest -steppe with
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402 Grasslands of the world Young f
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404 Plate 10.9 Poa bulbosa. Grassla
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406 Grasslands of the world shade-l
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408 Grasslands of the world Physica
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410 Grasslands of the world Mikheev
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412 Grasslands of the world it was
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414 Grasslands of the world of grou
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416 Grasslands of the world Vil’y
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418 Plate 11.1 Trifolium fragiferum
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420 Plate 11.2 Millet, a major crop
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424 Grasslands of the world sudania
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426 Grasslands of the world perenni
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428 Plate 11.8 Park grasslands in N
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430 Grasslands of the world In Para
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432 Plate 11.10b A grassland domina
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434 Grasslands of the world the nor
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436 Grasslands of the world remaini
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438 Plate 11.15 Small ruminants on
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440 Plate 11.19 Qinghai - motorcycl
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442 Plate 11.21 Leymus chinensis .
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444 Plate 11.22 The Himalaya -Hindu
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446 Plate 11.24 Transhumant Kuchi f
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448 Grasslands of the world grazing
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450 Plate 11.27 Delivering fodder t
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452 Plate 11.29 Syrian rangeland ha
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454 Grasslands of the world tains.
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456 Grasslands of the world Turkey
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458 Plate 11.31 Sainfoin (Onobrychi
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460 Grasslands of the world Gintzbu
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Grassland perspectives 463 Chapter
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Grassland perspectives 465 as well
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ALICE CARLONI ALICE CARLONI Grassla
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Grassland perspectives 469 The gras
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Grassland perspectives 471 Trees an
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Grassland perspectives 473 is lost.
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Grassland perspectives 475 breeding
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Grassland perspectives 477 traditio
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Grassland perspectives 479 the numb
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Grassland perspectives 481 to sown
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S.G. REYNOLDS SARDI Grassland persp
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MAGNUS HALLING SARDI Grassland pers
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Grassland perspectives 487 fencing
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MARZIO MARZOT Grassland perspective
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grassland perspective
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Grassland perspectives 493 extremel
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Index 495 A Acacia spp. 31, 34, 36,
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Index 497 B Baccharis spp. 175, 182
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Index 499 Chamaecrista spp. 199, 37
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Index 501 ciliatum 199 elegans 199
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Index 503 fl echillares 176, 177 fl
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Index 505 I Imperata spp. 3, 442, 4
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Index 507 sheep 288, 323, 326, 330
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Index 509 Poa spp. 133, 134, 135, 1
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Index 511 Sheep 14, 15, 38, 39, 84,
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Index 513 Tiller density 204 Touris
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