Grasslands of the World.pdf - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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512 402, 403, 406, 407, 408, 409, 418, 426, 431, 434, 441, 445, 446, 453 aliena 313 ameghinoi 134 aristiglumis 356, 357 baicalensis 283, 441 barbata 453 bigeniculata 357 brevifl ora 441 bungeana 315, 317, 441 capillata 277, 387, 389, 397, 399, 401, 403, 408, 441 comata 230, 233 concinna 446 glareosa 277, 317, 319, 441 gobica 277 grandis 441 humilis 134, 141, 426 ibarii 134, 135 joannis 399 klemenzii 441 krylovi 282, 441 lessingiana 387, 388, 389, 390, 397, 408 neaei 133, 134, 136 neesiana 175, 196, 201, 208 neomexicana 234 purpurea 310, 313, 317, 319 setacea 356 setigera 174, 181, 208 spartea 233 speciosa 133, 134, 136, 434 subsessilifl ora 313 tenacissima 418 tenuis 136, 141, 434 trichotoma 431 variabilis 356, 357, 358 Stipagrostis spp. 94, 96, 114, 420 obtusa 94 pungens 420 Stocking 237, 242 continuous 53, 139, 142, 143, 151, 152, 241, 242, 367, 405 rate 48, 90, 91, 103, 104, 105, 139, 140, 142-148, 150, 152, 153, 186–8, 196, 197, 199, 202, 207, 208, 210–1, 237, 241, 242, 243, 251, 309, 333, 335, 369, 373, 476–7 Grasslands of the world Stock unit 288, 289, 290 Stylosanthes spp. 15, 179, 199, 360, 362, 343, 351, 360, 362, 363, 366, 372, 426, 473, 481 guyanensis 426 humilis 134, 426, 473 leiocarpa 199 scabra 366 Suaeda spp. 443 Subclimax 386 Succession model 391 Succulent karoo biome 99 Sudanian zone 421 Sudano-Guinean zone 421 Sum 269, 273, 274, 276, 279, 290, 291, 292, 297 Sur 276, 297 Sustainability 15, 62, 86, 97, 102, 103, 114, 319, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 383, 465, 487 Sympegma spp. 316, 319, 442 regelii 277, 319, 442 Syrian Arab Republic 451-3 T Taiga 267, 268, 381, 382, 385, 488 Tall-grass 353, 354, 355, 356, 357 Tamarix spp. 148, 316 Tenure – see Land tenure Terminalia spp. 356 Thalictrum simplex 283 Themeda spp. 94, 354, 355, 356, 357, 364, 425, 442, 448 avenacea 357 triandra 31, 36, 94, 354, 355, 356, 357, 364, 425, 442 triandra var. japonica 442 Thicket 93, 97 Thicket biome 93, 97 Thlaspi arvense 402 Thymus serpyllum var. mongolium 441 Thyridolepsis mitchelliana 358 Tibet Qinghai Plateau 436 Tillage minimum 352 no-tillage 206, 433
Index 513 Tiller density 204 Tourism 63, 77, 88, 89, 97, 100, 112, 114, 122, 154, 210, 488 Trachypogon spp. 94, 426, 427 spicatus 94 ligularis 427 plumosus 426 vestitus 426 Tragedy of privatization 44 Tragedy of the commons 43, 332 Transhumance 3, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 40, 41, 56, 129, 265, 270, 273, 276, 291, 292, 294, 296, 305, 323, 330, 332, 418–9, 421–2, 446, 449, 456, 463, 466, 468, 478, 479, 492 Trevoa patagonica 134 Trifolium spp. 108, 174, 179, 181, 199, 203, 207, 208, 352, 353, 357, 360, 361, 371, 389, 395, 418, 419, 432, 433, 473, 482, 483, 485 fragiferum 360, 418, 419 polymorphum 174, 181, 199, 203 pratense 108, 207, 360, 395, 433 repens 108, 208, 353, 360, 361, 389, 395, 432, 433 subterraneum 352, 353, 360, 361 Triglochin palustre 443 Trikeraia hookeri 310 Triodia spp. 359 Tsetse 50, 421 Tuareg 421 Tulipa spp. 397 Tunisia 417–9 Turkey 455–7 Turkmenistan 434, 445 Tussockgrass 359 Tussock prairie 176 U Uncia uncia 294, 311 Ursus arctos 311 Urtica spp. 402, 446 cannabina 402 parvifl ora 446 Utilization 352, 368 Uzbekistan 434-5 V Vaccinium spp. 11 Vegetation-based pasture assessment routines 146 Venezuela 426, 427 Verbena ligustrina 133 Vernonia nudifl ora 182 Vicia spp. 207, 395, 401, 431 Vigna spp. 109, 372 parkeri 372 unguiculata 109 Viscachas 174 Vole 227 Vossia cuspidata 420 Vulpia australis 202 W Walafrida geniculata 98 Water 91, 112, 114, 116, 144, 295, 301, 469–70 access 3,19, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 50, 52, 57, 61, 63, 64, 295, 296, 301, 464–5, 469–70, 478, 487, 493 artesian 350 bores 350 points 469–70 provision 242 resources 248, 251, West Africa 9, 16, 419–24, 463–4, 469 Wildlife 2, 5, 11, 25, 35, 38, 39, 40, 43, 47, 48, 50, 51, 56, 57–8, 63, 65, 88, 144, 145, 154, 173, 174, 247, 306, 310, 347, 469 competition 244 grazing 228, 229, 245, 250, 251 habitat 227, 228, 236, 249, 464, 465 kangaroo 348 tourism 488, 489, 491, 493 wallaby 348 wolves 270 yak 285, 295, 303, 310 Wool trade 92, 130, 178
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The views expressed in this publica
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iv Bush encroachment 60 Rehabilitat
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vi Grazing management 139 Sheep man
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viii Grazing lands, pasture and fod
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x Future 374 References 374 Chapter
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xii Herd management 474 Stocking ra
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xiv and environmental factors. Rese
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xvi or copied without her permissio
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xviii Glossary of technical terms a
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xx IUCN The World Conservation Unio
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Figure 1.1 Extent of the world’s
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2 Plate 1.2 Mosaic of cultivated cr
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4 Plate 1.4 Horse herd on grassland
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6 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.8
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8 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.1
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10 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.
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14 Grasslands of the world century.
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The above coverage leaves some obvi
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18 Grasslands of the world Riveros,
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20 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Chad Cent
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26 Plate 2.2 Large non-ruminant her
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34 Grasslands of the world low pala
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36 Grasslands of the world is impor
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38 Grasslands of the world recently
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40 Grasslands of the world degradat
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42 Grasslands of the world leasehol
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44 Grasslands of the world However,
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46 Grasslands of the world technolo
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48 Grasslands of the world subsiste
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50 Grasslands of the world able to
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54 Grasslands of the world tall veg
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56 Grasslands of the world with wil
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58 Grasslands of the world fragment
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62 Grasslands of the world Reseedin
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64 Grasslands of the world last to
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66 Grasslands of the world Bourn, D
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68 Grasslands of the world Ellis, J
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70 Grasslands of the world the Euro
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72 Grasslands of the world Niamir,
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74 Grasslands of the world Schlesin
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76 Grasslands of the world Wilen, C
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78 Grasslands of the world INTRODUC
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80 Figure 3.2 The extent of grassla
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84 Grasslands of the world Figure 3
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86 Grasslands of the world PEOPLE H
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88 Grasslands of the world The gras
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90 Grasslands of the world Here, la
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92 Grasslands of the world crop res
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94 Grasslands of the world Grasslan
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98 Grasslands of the world These gr
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100 Grasslands of the world high fl
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102 Grasslands of the world product
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104 Grasslands of the world Figure
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106 Plate 3.5 Foggage Kikuyu for wi
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108 Grasslands of the world Plate 3
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110 Grasslands of the world zation
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112 Grasslands of the world imagery
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114 Grasslands of the world Kalahar
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116 Grasslands of the world impleme
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118 Grasslands of the world Grossma
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120 Grasslands of the world Trollop
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122 Grasslands of the world farming
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124 ��
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126 Sheep numbers (millions) 20 15
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128 28 6 8 58 Title deed Legal occu
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130 Grasslands of the world into eq
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132 Figure 4.5 Biozones of Patagoni
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134 Grasslands of the world Semi-de
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136 Plate 4.3 A shrub steppe in the
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138 Grasslands of the world 2001).
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140 Grasslands of the world SHEEP M
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142 Grasslands of the world Patagon
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144 Grasslands of the world scarcit
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146 Grasslands of the world (Cavagn
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148 Grasslands of the world the gen
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150 Grasslands of the world In 1989
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152 TABLE 4.4 Complexity levels of
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154 Grasslands of the world could b
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156 Grasslands of the world of nort
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158 Grasslands of the world Bottini
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160 Grasslands of the world Reunió
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162 Grasslands of the world Ecolog
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164 Grasslands of the world Mainwar
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166 Grasslands of the world Oliva,
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168 Grasslands of the world Sain, C
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170 Grasslands of the world austral
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172 Figure 5.1 The Campos region of
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174 Grasslands of the world bezoart
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176 Grasslands of the world On the
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178 Grasslands of the world Product
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180 Grasslands of the world Some sp
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182 Plate 5.1 Landscape in the Sier
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186 Grasslands of the world Salt de
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188 Grasslands of the world TABLE 5
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190 Grasslands of the world soils d
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192 (c) Grassland with Melica macra
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196 Figure 5.3 Forage offer (FO ) a
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198 Grasslands of the world which a
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200 Grasslands of the world Fertili
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202 Grasslands of the world their c
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204 Grasslands of the world Paspalu
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210 Grasslands of the world Researc
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212 Grasslands of the world It is n
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214 Grasslands of the world Subtrop
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216 Grasslands of the world (Argent
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218 Grasslands of the world para Ba
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Grasslands of central North America
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REX PIEPER REX PIEPER Grasslands of
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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MAE ELSINGER DUANE McCARTNEY Grassl
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JEFF PRINTZ, USDA-NRCS JEFF PRINTZ,
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S.G. REYNOLDS DUANE McCARTNEY Grass
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MAE ELSINGER Grasslands of central
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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266 Figure 7.1 Map of Mongolia . Pl
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268 TABLE 7.1 Land resources of Mon
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270 TABLE 7.3 Projected total popul
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272 Plate 7.5 Wheat was once grown
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274 Grasslands of the world made of
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276 Grasslands of the world four ho
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278 Plate 7.9 Saddle horses on hitc
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280 TABLE 7.5 Haymaking by producer
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282 Plate 7.11 Meadow grazing - Ark
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284 Grasslands of the world croppin
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286 TABLE 7.10 Evolution of stock n
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288 Plate 7.14 Polled yak in autumn
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290 Figure 7.3 Evolution of stock u
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292 Grasslands of the world of this
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296 Grasslands of the world can go
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298 Grasslands of the world arable
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300 Grasslands of the world regulat
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302 Grasslands of the world systems
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304 Grasslands of the world Suttie,
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306 Grasslands of the world Figure
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308 Plate 8.3 Harvested wheat in th
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310 Grasslands of the world Tang. T
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312 TABLE 8.1 Grassland types of th
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314 Plate 8.5 Poa alpina . Plate 8.
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316 Grasslands of the world precipi
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320 Grasslands of the world of the
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322 Plate 8.11 Kokonor camp with th
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324 Plate 8.14 Milk collection. Pla
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326 Grasslands of the world The num
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328 Grasslands of the world part of
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332 Grasslands of the world 340 000
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334 Plate 8.20 Longri summer camp.
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336 Grasslands of the world There i
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338 Grasslands of the world Clarke,
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340 Grasslands of the world Kush-Hi
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342 Grasslands of the world William
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344 Grasslands of the world grazing
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346 Grasslands of the world Growing
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348 Grasslands of the world that co
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350 Grasslands of the world cessati
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352 Grasslands of the world This zo
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354 Figure 9.2 Natural vegetation z
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356 Grasslands of the world or loam
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358 Grasslands of the world after r
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360 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 (a) Queensl
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362 Grasslands of the world Tropica
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364 Grasslands of the world AVAILAB
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368 Grasslands of the world from th
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370 Grasslands of the world grassla
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374 Grasslands of the world FUTURE
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376 Grasslands of the world Hall, T
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378 Grasslands of the world Martin,
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380 Grasslands of the world Wilson,
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382 Figure 10.1 Extent of grassland
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384 Grasslands of the world with su
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386 Grasslands of the world was to
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388 Plate 10.1 Agropyron pectinifor
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390 Plate 10.3 Festuca sulcata Gras
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392 Grasslands of the world The FSU
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394 Grasslands of the world thinkin
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396 TABLE 10.4 Climate data of the
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398 Plate 10.5 Kochia prostrata Pla
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400 Plate 10.7 Forest -steppe with
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402 Grasslands of the world Young f
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404 Plate 10.9 Poa bulbosa. Grassla
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406 Grasslands of the world shade-l
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408 Grasslands of the world Physica
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410 Grasslands of the world Mikheev
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412 Grasslands of the world it was
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414 Grasslands of the world of grou
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416 Grasslands of the world Vil’y
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418 Plate 11.1 Trifolium fragiferum
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420 Plate 11.2 Millet, a major crop
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424 Grasslands of the world sudania
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426 Grasslands of the world perenni
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428 Plate 11.8 Park grasslands in N
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430 Grasslands of the world In Para
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432 Plate 11.10b A grassland domina
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434 Grasslands of the world the nor
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436 Grasslands of the world remaini
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438 Plate 11.15 Small ruminants on
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440 Plate 11.19 Qinghai - motorcycl
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442 Plate 11.21 Leymus chinensis .
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444 Plate 11.22 The Himalaya -Hindu
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446 Plate 11.24 Transhumant Kuchi f
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448 Grasslands of the world grazing
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450 Plate 11.27 Delivering fodder t
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452 Plate 11.29 Syrian rangeland ha
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454 Grasslands of the world tains.
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456 Grasslands of the world Turkey
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458 Plate 11.31 Sainfoin (Onobrychi
Page 481 and 482: 460 Grasslands of the world Gintzbu
Page 483 and 484: Grassland perspectives 463 Chapter
Page 485 and 486: Grassland perspectives 465 as well
Page 487 and 488: ALICE CARLONI ALICE CARLONI Grassla
Page 489 and 490: Grassland perspectives 469 The gras
Page 491 and 492: Grassland perspectives 471 Trees an
Page 493 and 494: Grassland perspectives 473 is lost.
Page 495 and 496: Grassland perspectives 475 breeding
Page 497 and 498: Grassland perspectives 477 traditio
Page 499 and 500: Grassland perspectives 479 the numb
Page 501 and 502: Grassland perspectives 481 to sown
Page 503 and 504: S.G. REYNOLDS SARDI Grassland persp
Page 505 and 506: MAGNUS HALLING SARDI Grassland pers
Page 507 and 508: Grassland perspectives 487 fencing
Page 509 and 510: MARZIO MARZOT Grassland perspective
Page 511 and 512: S.G. REYNOLDS Grassland perspective
Page 513 and 514: Grassland perspectives 493 extremel
Page 515 and 516: Index 495 A Acacia spp. 31, 34, 36,
Page 517 and 518: Index 497 B Baccharis spp. 175, 182
Page 519 and 520: Index 499 Chamaecrista spp. 199, 37
Page 521 and 522: Index 501 ciliatum 199 elegans 199
Page 523 and 524: Index 503 fl echillares 176, 177 fl
Page 525 and 526: Index 505 I Imperata spp. 3, 442, 4
Page 527 and 528: Index 507 sheep 288, 323, 326, 330
Page 529 and 530: Index 509 Poa spp. 133, 134, 135, 1
Page 531: Index 511 Sheep 14, 15, 38, 39, 84,
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