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Grasslands of the World.pdf - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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The changing face <strong>of</strong> pastoral systems in grass-dominated ecosystems <strong>of</strong> eastern Africa 65<br />

Addressing gaps in our knowledge about how <strong>the</strong>se systems can be<br />

improved<br />

Does <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> livestock to wildlife -only systems in eastern Africa<br />

improve biodiversity <strong>and</strong> nutrient cycling? What social institutions best<br />

promote mobility <strong>and</strong> flexibility <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> use among pastoralists <strong>and</strong> what<br />

policy alternatives can streng<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong>se institutions (de Haan, 1999)? What<br />

information is most useful to pastoralists <strong>and</strong> policy-makers, <strong>and</strong> in what form<br />

is it most easily accessible to each group ? What types <strong>of</strong> incentive encourage<br />

extensification ra<strong>the</strong>r than intensification <strong>of</strong> pastoral ecosystems ? How can<br />

pastoralists be compensated for protecting environmental goods <strong>and</strong> services<br />

<strong>of</strong> benefit to <strong>the</strong> globe? Will carbon credits work for pastoral l<strong>and</strong>s? How can<br />

pastoralists take advantage <strong>of</strong> global conventions <strong>and</strong> funders (UN Convention<br />

to Combat Desertification (CCD); Global Environment Facility (GEF))?<br />

How can pastoralism be better integrated with crop cultivation in areas where<br />

such integration would be beneficial? How <strong>and</strong> when is co-conservation<br />

(integration <strong>of</strong> pastoral production <strong>and</strong> biodiversity conservation) most<br />

successful in eastern Africa?<br />

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