Grasslands of the World.pdf - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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Australian grasslands 353 this zone less suitable than the wheat-sheep zone for grain-based cropping, but more suitable for grazing and growing other crops , but there has been an increase in cereal growing with new cultivars in recent years. These wetter areas have a longer growing season than the other zones and pasture improvement is widespread, with Trifolium subterraneum and, in the wetter areas, T. repens and Lolium perenne as important species. Production of wool, prime lambs and beef are important, and all three are carried out on some properties, giving increased stability of income. Farm sizes range from small, often part-time operations, to large enterprises of more than 5 000 ha. In contrast to the pastoral and wheat belt farms , where medium quality wool dominates, fine wool production is more important in these wetter areas. Dairying is limited to areas with a long growing season (or irrigation) for the production of high quality pastures. Victoria and New South Wales are the major dairy producing states. Although the feeding of concentrates is increasing, production is pasture -based and farms consist almost entirely of sown pastures. Income is derived from milk sales for whole milk consumption and manufacturing and sales of surplus cattle . Most dairy farms are operated by their owners, with the family providing most of the labour. There have been massive changes in the dairy industry during the past 30 years, with fewer farms and farmers and large increases in production per cow and per hectare. Average herd size has increased to 150 head, with some herds of more than 1 000 cows. NATURAL VEGETATION Despite the amount of pasture development , native herbage remains the base of a significant portion of the grazing industry. There have been a number of classifications and descriptions of the Australian vegetation (e.g. Leeper, 1970; Carnahan, 1989; Thackway and Cresswell, 1995). Moore (1970) classified the Australian grazing lands into 13 groups on the basis of climate, the characteristics and height of the major grasses (tall : >90 cm; mid : 45–90 cm; short :
354 Figure 9.2 Natural vegetation zones of Australia . SOURCE: Adapted from Moore, 1970. Grasslands of the world Plate 9.1 Tropical tall -grass community dominated by Themeda triandra in northeast Queensland. J.G. McIVOR
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The views expressed in this publica
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iv Bush encroachment 60 Rehabilitat
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vi Grazing management 139 Sheep man
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viii Grazing lands, pasture and fod
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x Future 374 References 374 Chapter
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xii Herd management 474 Stocking ra
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xiv and environmental factors. Rese
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xvi or copied without her permissio
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xviii Glossary of technical terms a
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xx IUCN The World Conservation Unio
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Figure 1.1 Extent of the world’s
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2 Plate 1.2 Mosaic of cultivated cr
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4 Plate 1.4 Horse herd on grassland
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6 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.8
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8 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.1
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10 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.
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14 Grasslands of the world century.
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The above coverage leaves some obvi
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18 Grasslands of the world Riveros,
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20 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Chad Cent
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26 Plate 2.2 Large non-ruminant her
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34 Grasslands of the world low pala
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36 Grasslands of the world is impor
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38 Grasslands of the world recently
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40 Grasslands of the world degradat
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42 Grasslands of the world leasehol
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44 Grasslands of the world However,
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46 Grasslands of the world technolo
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48 Grasslands of the world subsiste
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50 Grasslands of the world able to
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54 Grasslands of the world tall veg
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56 Grasslands of the world with wil
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58 Grasslands of the world fragment
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62 Grasslands of the world Reseedin
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64 Grasslands of the world last to
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66 Grasslands of the world Bourn, D
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68 Grasslands of the world Ellis, J
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70 Grasslands of the world the Euro
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72 Grasslands of the world Niamir,
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74 Grasslands of the world Schlesin
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76 Grasslands of the world Wilen, C
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78 Grasslands of the world INTRODUC
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80 Figure 3.2 The extent of grassla
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84 Grasslands of the world Figure 3
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86 Grasslands of the world PEOPLE H
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88 Grasslands of the world The gras
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90 Grasslands of the world Here, la
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92 Grasslands of the world crop res
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94 Grasslands of the world Grasslan
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98 Grasslands of the world These gr
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100 Grasslands of the world high fl
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102 Grasslands of the world product
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104 Grasslands of the world Figure
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106 Plate 3.5 Foggage Kikuyu for wi
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108 Grasslands of the world Plate 3
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110 Grasslands of the world zation
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112 Grasslands of the world imagery
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114 Grasslands of the world Kalahar
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116 Grasslands of the world impleme
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118 Grasslands of the world Grossma
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120 Grasslands of the world Trollop
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122 Grasslands of the world farming
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124 ��
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126 Sheep numbers (millions) 20 15
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128 28 6 8 58 Title deed Legal occu
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130 Grasslands of the world into eq
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132 Figure 4.5 Biozones of Patagoni
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134 Grasslands of the world Semi-de
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136 Plate 4.3 A shrub steppe in the
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138 Grasslands of the world 2001).
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140 Grasslands of the world SHEEP M
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142 Grasslands of the world Patagon
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144 Grasslands of the world scarcit
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146 Grasslands of the world (Cavagn
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148 Grasslands of the world the gen
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150 Grasslands of the world In 1989
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152 TABLE 4.4 Complexity levels of
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154 Grasslands of the world could b
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156 Grasslands of the world of nort
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158 Grasslands of the world Bottini
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160 Grasslands of the world Reunió
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162 Grasslands of the world Ecolog
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164 Grasslands of the world Mainwar
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166 Grasslands of the world Oliva,
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168 Grasslands of the world Sain, C
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170 Grasslands of the world austral
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172 Figure 5.1 The Campos region of
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174 Grasslands of the world bezoart
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176 Grasslands of the world On the
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178 Grasslands of the world Product
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180 Grasslands of the world Some sp
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182 Plate 5.1 Landscape in the Sier
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186 Grasslands of the world Salt de
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188 Grasslands of the world TABLE 5
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190 Grasslands of the world soils d
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192 (c) Grassland with Melica macra
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196 Figure 5.3 Forage offer (FO ) a
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198 Grasslands of the world which a
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200 Grasslands of the world Fertili
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202 Grasslands of the world their c
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204 Grasslands of the world Paspalu
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210 Grasslands of the world Researc
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212 Grasslands of the world It is n
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214 Grasslands of the world Subtrop
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216 Grasslands of the world (Argent
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218 Grasslands of the world para Ba
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Grasslands of central North America
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REX PIEPER REX PIEPER Grasslands of
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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MAE ELSINGER DUANE McCARTNEY Grassl
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JEFF PRINTZ, USDA-NRCS JEFF PRINTZ,
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S.G. REYNOLDS DUANE McCARTNEY Grass
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MAE ELSINGER Grasslands of central
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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266 Figure 7.1 Map of Mongolia . Pl
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268 TABLE 7.1 Land resources of Mon
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270 TABLE 7.3 Projected total popul
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272 Plate 7.5 Wheat was once grown
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274 Grasslands of the world made of
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276 Grasslands of the world four ho
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278 Plate 7.9 Saddle horses on hitc
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280 TABLE 7.5 Haymaking by producer
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282 Plate 7.11 Meadow grazing - Ark
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284 Grasslands of the world croppin
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286 TABLE 7.10 Evolution of stock n
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288 Plate 7.14 Polled yak in autumn
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290 Figure 7.3 Evolution of stock u
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292 Grasslands of the world of this
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296 Grasslands of the world can go
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298 Grasslands of the world arable
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300 Grasslands of the world regulat
Page 323 and 324: 302 Grasslands of the world systems
Page 325 and 326: 304 Grasslands of the world Suttie,
Page 327 and 328: 306 Grasslands of the world Figure
Page 329 and 330: 308 Plate 8.3 Harvested wheat in th
Page 331 and 332: 310 Grasslands of the world Tang. T
Page 333 and 334: 312 TABLE 8.1 Grassland types of th
Page 335 and 336: 314 Plate 8.5 Poa alpina . Plate 8.
Page 337 and 338: 316 Grasslands of the world precipi
Page 339 and 340: 318 Grasslands of the world TABLE 8
Page 341 and 342: 320 Grasslands of the world of the
Page 343 and 344: 322 Plate 8.11 Kokonor camp with th
Page 345 and 346: 324 Plate 8.14 Milk collection. Pla
Page 347 and 348: 326 Grasslands of the world The num
Page 349 and 350: 328 Grasslands of the world part of
Page 351 and 352: 330 Grasslands of the world Plate 8
Page 353 and 354: 332 Grasslands of the world 340 000
Page 355 and 356: 334 Plate 8.20 Longri summer camp.
Page 357 and 358: 336 Grasslands of the world There i
Page 359 and 360: 338 Grasslands of the world Clarke,
Page 361 and 362: 340 Grasslands of the world Kush-Hi
Page 363 and 364: 342 Grasslands of the world William
Page 365 and 366: 344 Grasslands of the world grazing
Page 367 and 368: 346 Grasslands of the world Growing
Page 369 and 370: 348 Grasslands of the world that co
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Page 383 and 384: 362 Grasslands of the world Tropica
Page 385 and 386: 364 Grasslands of the world AVAILAB
Page 389 and 390: 368 Grasslands of the world from th
Page 391 and 392: 370 Grasslands of the world grassla
Page 395 and 396: 374 Grasslands of the world FUTURE
Page 397 and 398: 376 Grasslands of the world Hall, T
Page 399 and 400: 378 Grasslands of the world Martin,
Page 401 and 402: 380 Grasslands of the world Wilson,
Page 403 and 404: 382 Figure 10.1 Extent of grassland
Page 405 and 406: 384 Grasslands of the world with su
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Page 409 and 410: 388 Plate 10.1 Agropyron pectinifor
Page 411 and 412: 390 Plate 10.3 Festuca sulcata Gras
Page 413 and 414: 392 Grasslands of the world The FSU
Page 415 and 416: 394 Grasslands of the world thinkin
Page 417 and 418: 396 TABLE 10.4 Climate data of the
Page 419 and 420: 398 Plate 10.5 Kochia prostrata Pla
Page 421 and 422: 400 Plate 10.7 Forest -steppe with
Page 423 and 424: 402 Grasslands of the world Young f
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404 Plate 10.9 Poa bulbosa. Grassla
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406 Grasslands of the world shade-l
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408 Grasslands of the world Physica
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410 Grasslands of the world Mikheev
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412 Grasslands of the world it was
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414 Grasslands of the world of grou
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416 Grasslands of the world Vil’y
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418 Plate 11.1 Trifolium fragiferum
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420 Plate 11.2 Millet, a major crop
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424 Grasslands of the world sudania
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426 Grasslands of the world perenni
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428 Plate 11.8 Park grasslands in N
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430 Grasslands of the world In Para
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432 Plate 11.10b A grassland domina
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434 Grasslands of the world the nor
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436 Grasslands of the world remaini
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438 Plate 11.15 Small ruminants on
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440 Plate 11.19 Qinghai - motorcycl
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442 Plate 11.21 Leymus chinensis .
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444 Plate 11.22 The Himalaya -Hindu
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446 Plate 11.24 Transhumant Kuchi f
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448 Grasslands of the world grazing
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450 Plate 11.27 Delivering fodder t
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452 Plate 11.29 Syrian rangeland ha
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454 Grasslands of the world tains.
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456 Grasslands of the world Turkey
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458 Plate 11.31 Sainfoin (Onobrychi
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460 Grasslands of the world Gintzbu
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Grassland perspectives 463 Chapter
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Grassland perspectives 465 as well
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ALICE CARLONI ALICE CARLONI Grassla
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Grassland perspectives 469 The gras
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Grassland perspectives 471 Trees an
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Grassland perspectives 473 is lost.
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Grassland perspectives 475 breeding
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Grassland perspectives 477 traditio
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Grassland perspectives 479 the numb
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Grassland perspectives 481 to sown
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S.G. REYNOLDS SARDI Grassland persp
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MAGNUS HALLING SARDI Grassland pers
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Grassland perspectives 487 fencing
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MARZIO MARZOT Grassland perspective
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grassland perspective
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Grassland perspectives 493 extremel
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Index 495 A Acacia spp. 31, 34, 36,
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Index 497 B Baccharis spp. 175, 182
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Index 499 Chamaecrista spp. 199, 37
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Index 501 ciliatum 199 elegans 199
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Index 503 fl echillares 176, 177 fl
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Index 505 I Imperata spp. 3, 442, 4
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Index 507 sheep 288, 323, 326, 330
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Index 509 Poa spp. 133, 134, 135, 1
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Index 511 Sheep 14, 15, 38, 39, 84,
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Index 513 Tiller density 204 Touris
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