Grasslands of the World.pdf - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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498 C C3 grasses 14, 84, 96, 97, 171, 178, 190, 201, 208, 221, 234, 240, 430, 434 C4 grasses 14, 84, 96, 171, 178, 184, 190, 221, 234, 240, 365, 428, 430, 434 Calamagrostis spp. 179, 283, 313, 395, 401, 402, 406, 443 epidois 283 epigeios 395, 401, 402, 443 langsdorffi i 406 Calandrinia spp. 358 Calligonum spp. 316 Calluna spp. 11, 472 Camel 9, 14, 19, 38, 39, 40, 265, 274, 277, 283, 284, 286, 287, 289, 295, 296, 297, 299, 323, 325, 348, 423, 436, 441, 450, 454, 467, 470, 475 Bactrian 286 Camelina spp. 402 campos limpios 174 campos sucios 182 Canis lupus 311 Cannabis sativa 402 capybaras 173 Caragana spp. 310, 313, 317, 396, 446 frutex 396 jubata 313 versicolar 310, 317 Carex spp. 134, 135, 232, 245, 277, 281, 282, 312, 314, 316, 317, 319, 389, 399, 400, 401, 442, 443, 446 andina 135 appendiculata 443 argentina 135 atrofusca 312, 443 colchica 399 duriuscula 277, 282, 443 eleocharis 233 fi lifolia 233, 245 meyeriana 443 moorcroftii 314, 316, 317, 319, 442 muliensis 443 nivalis 443 obtusa 232 obtusata 232 pediformis 277, 282 Grasslands of the world pennsylvanica 234 schreberi 389 stenocarpa 443 stenophylla 443 Carrying capacity 82, 87, 90, 102, 104, 109, 129, 138, 141–2, 146, 149, 150, 153, 177, 194, 195, 197, 209, 318, 427 Carum carvi 389 Cashmere 274, 284, 287, 323, 475 Cassia spp. 356, 358, 365, 431 Casuarina spp. 356 Cattle 9, 14, 15, 28, 29, 37, 38, 39, 40, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 79, 84, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 97, 98, 104, 110, 127, 136, 173, 174, 178, 186, 187, 188, 207, 210, 228, 229, 239, 243, 244, 277–8, 283, 284, 287, 288, 289, 291, 296, 347, 352, 359, 417, 424, 435, 441, 450, 451, 456 hybrids 284, 285, 287 Sahelian 422, 424 trypanotolerant 423–4 Cattle breeds Afrikaner 87, 90 Bonsmara 87 Brahman 90 Drakensberger 87 Kouri 423-4 Simmentaler 90 zebu 424, 475 Cenchrus spp. 31, 33, 34, 38, 109, 113, 114, 351, 356, 360, 362, 373, 420, 448 bifl orus 34, 420 ciliaris 31, 34, 109, 113, 351, 356, 360, 362, 373 Central Asia 11, 16, 385 Centrosema pascuorum 372 Ceratocarpus arenarius 389 Ceratoides spp. 310, 314, 316, 317, 319, 442 compacta 310, 314, 316, 317, 319, 442 latens 317, 442 Ceratostigma spp. 310, 315 griffi thii 310, 315 Chad 420, 424
Index 499 Chamaecrista spp. 199, 372 repens 199 rotundifolia 372 Chenopodium album 402 Chevreulia sarmentosa 182 Chiliotrichum diffusum 134 China 436–8, 441–3 Chloris spp. 31, 34, 35, 44, 45, 62, 178, 181, 356, 357, 358, 362, 434 acicularis 356 castilloniana 434 gayana 35, 44, 45, 62, 356, 362 grandifl ora 181 roxburghiana 31, 34, 62 truncata 356, 358 Chromolaena odorata 366 Chrysopogon spp. 31, 33, 34, 355, 356, 359, 445, 446 aucheri 34 fallax 355, 356, 359 gryllus 446 plumulosus 34 Chuquiraga spp. 133, 134, 136, 141 aurea 134 avellanedae 133, 134, 141 kingii 134 Cirsium arvense 402 Cleistogenes squarrosa 277, 441 Climax 428, 448, 453 Clitoria ternatea 372 Coelorachis selloana 174, 175, 181, 196, 199, 203 Collective 381, 383, 413 Collectivization 274, 328, 466, 477 Colleguaya integerrima 133, 134 Combretum nigricans 420 Commiphora spp. 31, 34, 49. 420 africana 420 Conservation Reserve Programme 236 Copernica alba 429, 430 Cornulaca monacantha 420 Cortia depressa 446 Crassulacean acid metabolism plants 97 Crassula spp. 97, 98, 99 Crepis tectorum 402 Crop 21, 37, 44–5, 65, 109 arable 383–4, 411–2, 413, 443 clearing for 418–9, 421, 430, 452 encroachment 430 fallow 390, 393–4, 401–3, 408, 411, 418–9, 421, 424, 458 residues 92, 100, 107, 110, 417–9, 437, 452 -pasture rotation 351, 371, 405, 411, 413 residues 412 straw 419, 447 stubble 314, 315, 419, 449 Crotalaria spp. 431 Crude protein 106, 196 Cryptostegia grandifl ora 365, 366 Cussonia spicata 98 Cymbopogon spp. 98, 445, 446 jwarancusa 445 plurinodis 98 schoenanthus 446 Cynodon spp. 36, 114, 426, 446 dactylon 36, 426, 446 Cytisus spp. 396 D Dactylis spp. 108, 179, 310, 360, 419, 433, 446 glomerata 108, 360, 419, 433, 446 Dactyloctenium spp. 356, 358, 359 radulans 356, 358 Daily Liveweight Gain 194, 196, 197 Danthonia spp. 356, 357, 358, 364, 446 caespitosa 358 nudifl ora 357 pallida 356 Decision Support Systems 111, 122, 153 Deer 11, 145, 173, 270, 310, 347 Deferred grazing 188, 198 Defi ciency mineral 186, 209 Degradation 35, 40, 49, 54, 55, 56, 98, 112–4, 127, 139, 141, 142, 147, 150, 315, 319, 474 Delphinium spp. 316 Deschampsia spp. 135, 313, 401 cespitosa 313 elegantula 135
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The views expressed in this publica
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iv Bush encroachment 60 Rehabilitat
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vi Grazing management 139 Sheep man
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viii Grazing lands, pasture and fod
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x Future 374 References 374 Chapter
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xii Herd management 474 Stocking ra
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xiv and environmental factors. Rese
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xvi or copied without her permissio
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xviii Glossary of technical terms a
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xx IUCN The World Conservation Unio
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Figure 1.1 Extent of the world’s
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2 Plate 1.2 Mosaic of cultivated cr
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4 Plate 1.4 Horse herd on grassland
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6 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.8
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8 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.1
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10 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.
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14 Grasslands of the world century.
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The above coverage leaves some obvi
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18 Grasslands of the world Riveros,
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20 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Chad Cent
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26 Plate 2.2 Large non-ruminant her
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34 Grasslands of the world low pala
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36 Grasslands of the world is impor
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38 Grasslands of the world recently
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40 Grasslands of the world degradat
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42 Grasslands of the world leasehol
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44 Grasslands of the world However,
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46 Grasslands of the world technolo
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48 Grasslands of the world subsiste
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50 Grasslands of the world able to
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54 Grasslands of the world tall veg
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56 Grasslands of the world with wil
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58 Grasslands of the world fragment
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62 Grasslands of the world Reseedin
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64 Grasslands of the world last to
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66 Grasslands of the world Bourn, D
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68 Grasslands of the world Ellis, J
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70 Grasslands of the world the Euro
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72 Grasslands of the world Niamir,
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74 Grasslands of the world Schlesin
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76 Grasslands of the world Wilen, C
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78 Grasslands of the world INTRODUC
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80 Figure 3.2 The extent of grassla
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84 Grasslands of the world Figure 3
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86 Grasslands of the world PEOPLE H
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88 Grasslands of the world The gras
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90 Grasslands of the world Here, la
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92 Grasslands of the world crop res
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94 Grasslands of the world Grasslan
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98 Grasslands of the world These gr
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100 Grasslands of the world high fl
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102 Grasslands of the world product
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104 Grasslands of the world Figure
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106 Plate 3.5 Foggage Kikuyu for wi
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108 Grasslands of the world Plate 3
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110 Grasslands of the world zation
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112 Grasslands of the world imagery
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114 Grasslands of the world Kalahar
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116 Grasslands of the world impleme
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118 Grasslands of the world Grossma
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120 Grasslands of the world Trollop
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122 Grasslands of the world farming
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124 ��
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126 Sheep numbers (millions) 20 15
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128 28 6 8 58 Title deed Legal occu
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130 Grasslands of the world into eq
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132 Figure 4.5 Biozones of Patagoni
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134 Grasslands of the world Semi-de
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136 Plate 4.3 A shrub steppe in the
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138 Grasslands of the world 2001).
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140 Grasslands of the world SHEEP M
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142 Grasslands of the world Patagon
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144 Grasslands of the world scarcit
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146 Grasslands of the world (Cavagn
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148 Grasslands of the world the gen
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150 Grasslands of the world In 1989
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152 TABLE 4.4 Complexity levels of
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154 Grasslands of the world could b
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156 Grasslands of the world of nort
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158 Grasslands of the world Bottini
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160 Grasslands of the world Reunió
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162 Grasslands of the world Ecolog
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164 Grasslands of the world Mainwar
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166 Grasslands of the world Oliva,
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168 Grasslands of the world Sain, C
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170 Grasslands of the world austral
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172 Figure 5.1 The Campos region of
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174 Grasslands of the world bezoart
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176 Grasslands of the world On the
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178 Grasslands of the world Product
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180 Grasslands of the world Some sp
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182 Plate 5.1 Landscape in the Sier
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186 Grasslands of the world Salt de
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188 Grasslands of the world TABLE 5
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190 Grasslands of the world soils d
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192 (c) Grassland with Melica macra
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196 Figure 5.3 Forage offer (FO ) a
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198 Grasslands of the world which a
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200 Grasslands of the world Fertili
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202 Grasslands of the world their c
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204 Grasslands of the world Paspalu
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210 Grasslands of the world Researc
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212 Grasslands of the world It is n
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214 Grasslands of the world Subtrop
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216 Grasslands of the world (Argent
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218 Grasslands of the world para Ba
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Grasslands of central North America
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REX PIEPER REX PIEPER Grasslands of
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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MAE ELSINGER DUANE McCARTNEY Grassl
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JEFF PRINTZ, USDA-NRCS JEFF PRINTZ,
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S.G. REYNOLDS DUANE McCARTNEY Grass
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MAE ELSINGER Grasslands of central
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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266 Figure 7.1 Map of Mongolia . Pl
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268 TABLE 7.1 Land resources of Mon
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270 TABLE 7.3 Projected total popul
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272 Plate 7.5 Wheat was once grown
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274 Grasslands of the world made of
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276 Grasslands of the world four ho
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278 Plate 7.9 Saddle horses on hitc
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280 TABLE 7.5 Haymaking by producer
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282 Plate 7.11 Meadow grazing - Ark
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284 Grasslands of the world croppin
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286 TABLE 7.10 Evolution of stock n
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288 Plate 7.14 Polled yak in autumn
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290 Figure 7.3 Evolution of stock u
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292 Grasslands of the world of this
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296 Grasslands of the world can go
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298 Grasslands of the world arable
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300 Grasslands of the world regulat
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302 Grasslands of the world systems
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304 Grasslands of the world Suttie,
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306 Grasslands of the world Figure
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308 Plate 8.3 Harvested wheat in th
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310 Grasslands of the world Tang. T
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312 TABLE 8.1 Grassland types of th
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314 Plate 8.5 Poa alpina . Plate 8.
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316 Grasslands of the world precipi
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320 Grasslands of the world of the
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322 Plate 8.11 Kokonor camp with th
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324 Plate 8.14 Milk collection. Pla
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326 Grasslands of the world The num
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328 Grasslands of the world part of
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332 Grasslands of the world 340 000
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334 Plate 8.20 Longri summer camp.
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336 Grasslands of the world There i
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338 Grasslands of the world Clarke,
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340 Grasslands of the world Kush-Hi
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342 Grasslands of the world William
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344 Grasslands of the world grazing
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346 Grasslands of the world Growing
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348 Grasslands of the world that co
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350 Grasslands of the world cessati
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352 Grasslands of the world This zo
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354 Figure 9.2 Natural vegetation z
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356 Grasslands of the world or loam
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358 Grasslands of the world after r
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360 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 (a) Queensl
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362 Grasslands of the world Tropica
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364 Grasslands of the world AVAILAB
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368 Grasslands of the world from th
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370 Grasslands of the world grassla
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374 Grasslands of the world FUTURE
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376 Grasslands of the world Hall, T
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378 Grasslands of the world Martin,
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380 Grasslands of the world Wilson,
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382 Figure 10.1 Extent of grassland
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384 Grasslands of the world with su
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386 Grasslands of the world was to
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388 Plate 10.1 Agropyron pectinifor
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390 Plate 10.3 Festuca sulcata Gras
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392 Grasslands of the world The FSU
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394 Grasslands of the world thinkin
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396 TABLE 10.4 Climate data of the
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398 Plate 10.5 Kochia prostrata Pla
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400 Plate 10.7 Forest -steppe with
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402 Grasslands of the world Young f
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404 Plate 10.9 Poa bulbosa. Grassla
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406 Grasslands of the world shade-l
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408 Grasslands of the world Physica
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410 Grasslands of the world Mikheev
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412 Grasslands of the world it was
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414 Grasslands of the world of grou
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416 Grasslands of the world Vil’y
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418 Plate 11.1 Trifolium fragiferum
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420 Plate 11.2 Millet, a major crop
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424 Grasslands of the world sudania
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426 Grasslands of the world perenni
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428 Plate 11.8 Park grasslands in N
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430 Grasslands of the world In Para
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432 Plate 11.10b A grassland domina
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434 Grasslands of the world the nor
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436 Grasslands of the world remaini
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438 Plate 11.15 Small ruminants on
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440 Plate 11.19 Qinghai - motorcycl
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442 Plate 11.21 Leymus chinensis .
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444 Plate 11.22 The Himalaya -Hindu
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Page 469 and 470: 448 Grasslands of the world grazing
Page 471 and 472: 450 Plate 11.27 Delivering fodder t
Page 473 and 474: 452 Plate 11.29 Syrian rangeland ha
Page 475 and 476: 454 Grasslands of the world tains.
Page 477 and 478: 456 Grasslands of the world Turkey
Page 479 and 480: 458 Plate 11.31 Sainfoin (Onobrychi
Page 481 and 482: 460 Grasslands of the world Gintzbu
Page 483 and 484: Grassland perspectives 463 Chapter
Page 485 and 486: Grassland perspectives 465 as well
Page 487 and 488: ALICE CARLONI ALICE CARLONI Grassla
Page 489 and 490: Grassland perspectives 469 The gras
Page 491 and 492: Grassland perspectives 471 Trees an
Page 493 and 494: Grassland perspectives 473 is lost.
Page 495 and 496: Grassland perspectives 475 breeding
Page 497 and 498: Grassland perspectives 477 traditio
Page 499 and 500: Grassland perspectives 479 the numb
Page 501 and 502: Grassland perspectives 481 to sown
Page 503 and 504: S.G. REYNOLDS SARDI Grassland persp
Page 505 and 506: MAGNUS HALLING SARDI Grassland pers
Page 507 and 508: Grassland perspectives 487 fencing
Page 509 and 510: MARZIO MARZOT Grassland perspective
Page 511 and 512: S.G. REYNOLDS Grassland perspective
Page 513 and 514: Grassland perspectives 493 extremel
Page 515 and 516: Index 495 A Acacia spp. 31, 34, 36,
Page 517: Index 497 B Baccharis spp. 175, 182
Page 521 and 522: Index 501 ciliatum 199 elegans 199
Page 523 and 524: Index 503 fl echillares 176, 177 fl
Page 525 and 526: Index 505 I Imperata spp. 3, 442, 4
Page 527 and 528: Index 507 sheep 288, 323, 326, 330
Page 529 and 530: Index 509 Poa spp. 133, 134, 135, 1
Page 531 and 532: Index 511 Sheep 14, 15, 38, 39, 84,
Page 533 and 534: Index 513 Tiller density 204 Touris
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