Grasslands of the World.pdf - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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The Russian Steppe 387 TABLE 10.1 Important species of the Russian steppe. Maturity group ( 1 ) Typical species and their characteristics Very early (April/May) Poa bulbosa L. Tufted
388 Plate 10.1 Agropyron pectiniforme. Grasslands of the world vegetation occur. Ramenskii’s classifications are known as “phytotopological” with major emphasis on the habitat . First, all natural grassland is divided into dryland or floodplain. Second, subdivisions are based on topography and moisture conditions. No less than 50 categories were formulated, each with 22 subdivisions based on moisture conditions. Within similar habitats, several plant associations occur. For instance, on dark-chestnut loamy soil of the dry steppe plains, Ramenskii found the following associations as grazing intensity increases: • in virgin steppe, a low-grass sward with Stipa lessingiana (Plate 10.2), but less Festuca sulcata ; • after a few years, predominantly Festuca sulcata ; • under intensive grazing , Poa bulbosa associations; and • finally, after excessive grazing , an association with Polygonum aviculare . This is typical succession-regression (see also Table 10.2). Ramenskii’s analysis of the constituents of the vegetation itself was not quantitative, but estimated by so-called vertical “projection”, by simply estimating the degree of cover at one particular date. No mechanical devices for ranking constituent species or for weighing samples were employed. Potential yields were estimated from empirically established standard graphs (see also section below on Botanical condition ). After ploughing and cropping steppe for several years, the following appear in the fallow :
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The views expressed in this publica
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iv Bush encroachment 60 Rehabilitat
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vi Grazing management 139 Sheep man
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viii Grazing lands, pasture and fod
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x Future 374 References 374 Chapter
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xii Herd management 474 Stocking ra
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xiv and environmental factors. Rese
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xvi or copied without her permissio
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xviii Glossary of technical terms a
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xx IUCN The World Conservation Unio
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Figure 1.1 Extent of the world’s
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2 Plate 1.2 Mosaic of cultivated cr
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4 Plate 1.4 Horse herd on grassland
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6 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.8
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8 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.1
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10 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.
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14 Grasslands of the world century.
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The above coverage leaves some obvi
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18 Grasslands of the world Riveros,
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20 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Chad Cent
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26 Plate 2.2 Large non-ruminant her
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34 Grasslands of the world low pala
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36 Grasslands of the world is impor
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38 Grasslands of the world recently
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40 Grasslands of the world degradat
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42 Grasslands of the world leasehol
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44 Grasslands of the world However,
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46 Grasslands of the world technolo
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48 Grasslands of the world subsiste
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50 Grasslands of the world able to
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54 Grasslands of the world tall veg
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56 Grasslands of the world with wil
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58 Grasslands of the world fragment
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62 Grasslands of the world Reseedin
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64 Grasslands of the world last to
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66 Grasslands of the world Bourn, D
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68 Grasslands of the world Ellis, J
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70 Grasslands of the world the Euro
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72 Grasslands of the world Niamir,
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74 Grasslands of the world Schlesin
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76 Grasslands of the world Wilen, C
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78 Grasslands of the world INTRODUC
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80 Figure 3.2 The extent of grassla
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84 Grasslands of the world Figure 3
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86 Grasslands of the world PEOPLE H
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88 Grasslands of the world The gras
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90 Grasslands of the world Here, la
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92 Grasslands of the world crop res
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94 Grasslands of the world Grasslan
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98 Grasslands of the world These gr
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100 Grasslands of the world high fl
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102 Grasslands of the world product
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104 Grasslands of the world Figure
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106 Plate 3.5 Foggage Kikuyu for wi
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108 Grasslands of the world Plate 3
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110 Grasslands of the world zation
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112 Grasslands of the world imagery
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114 Grasslands of the world Kalahar
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116 Grasslands of the world impleme
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118 Grasslands of the world Grossma
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120 Grasslands of the world Trollop
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122 Grasslands of the world farming
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124 ��
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126 Sheep numbers (millions) 20 15
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128 28 6 8 58 Title deed Legal occu
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130 Grasslands of the world into eq
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132 Figure 4.5 Biozones of Patagoni
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134 Grasslands of the world Semi-de
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136 Plate 4.3 A shrub steppe in the
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138 Grasslands of the world 2001).
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140 Grasslands of the world SHEEP M
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142 Grasslands of the world Patagon
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144 Grasslands of the world scarcit
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146 Grasslands of the world (Cavagn
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148 Grasslands of the world the gen
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150 Grasslands of the world In 1989
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152 TABLE 4.4 Complexity levels of
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154 Grasslands of the world could b
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156 Grasslands of the world of nort
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158 Grasslands of the world Bottini
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160 Grasslands of the world Reunió
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162 Grasslands of the world Ecolog
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164 Grasslands of the world Mainwar
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166 Grasslands of the world Oliva,
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168 Grasslands of the world Sain, C
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170 Grasslands of the world austral
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172 Figure 5.1 The Campos region of
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174 Grasslands of the world bezoart
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176 Grasslands of the world On the
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178 Grasslands of the world Product
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180 Grasslands of the world Some sp
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182 Plate 5.1 Landscape in the Sier
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186 Grasslands of the world Salt de
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188 Grasslands of the world TABLE 5
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190 Grasslands of the world soils d
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192 (c) Grassland with Melica macra
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196 Figure 5.3 Forage offer (FO ) a
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198 Grasslands of the world which a
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200 Grasslands of the world Fertili
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202 Grasslands of the world their c
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204 Grasslands of the world Paspalu
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210 Grasslands of the world Researc
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212 Grasslands of the world It is n
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214 Grasslands of the world Subtrop
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216 Grasslands of the world (Argent
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218 Grasslands of the world para Ba
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Grasslands of central North America
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REX PIEPER REX PIEPER Grasslands of
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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MAE ELSINGER DUANE McCARTNEY Grassl
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JEFF PRINTZ, USDA-NRCS JEFF PRINTZ,
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S.G. REYNOLDS DUANE McCARTNEY Grass
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MAE ELSINGER Grasslands of central
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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266 Figure 7.1 Map of Mongolia . Pl
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268 TABLE 7.1 Land resources of Mon
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270 TABLE 7.3 Projected total popul
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272 Plate 7.5 Wheat was once grown
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274 Grasslands of the world made of
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276 Grasslands of the world four ho
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278 Plate 7.9 Saddle horses on hitc
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280 TABLE 7.5 Haymaking by producer
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282 Plate 7.11 Meadow grazing - Ark
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284 Grasslands of the world croppin
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286 TABLE 7.10 Evolution of stock n
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288 Plate 7.14 Polled yak in autumn
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290 Figure 7.3 Evolution of stock u
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292 Grasslands of the world of this
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296 Grasslands of the world can go
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298 Grasslands of the world arable
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300 Grasslands of the world regulat
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302 Grasslands of the world systems
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304 Grasslands of the world Suttie,
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306 Grasslands of the world Figure
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308 Plate 8.3 Harvested wheat in th
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310 Grasslands of the world Tang. T
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312 TABLE 8.1 Grassland types of th
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314 Plate 8.5 Poa alpina . Plate 8.
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316 Grasslands of the world precipi
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320 Grasslands of the world of the
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322 Plate 8.11 Kokonor camp with th
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324 Plate 8.14 Milk collection. Pla
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326 Grasslands of the world The num
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328 Grasslands of the world part of
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332 Grasslands of the world 340 000
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334 Plate 8.20 Longri summer camp.
Page 357 and 358: 336 Grasslands of the world There i
Page 359 and 360: 338 Grasslands of the world Clarke,
Page 361 and 362: 340 Grasslands of the world Kush-Hi
Page 363 and 364: 342 Grasslands of the world William
Page 365 and 366: 344 Grasslands of the world grazing
Page 367 and 368: 346 Grasslands of the world Growing
Page 369 and 370: 348 Grasslands of the world that co
Page 371 and 372: 350 Grasslands of the world cessati
Page 373 and 374: 352 Grasslands of the world This zo
Page 375 and 376: 354 Figure 9.2 Natural vegetation z
Page 377 and 378: 356 Grasslands of the world or loam
Page 379 and 380: 358 Grasslands of the world after r
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Page 383 and 384: 362 Grasslands of the world Tropica
Page 385 and 386: 364 Grasslands of the world AVAILAB
Page 387 and 388: 366 Grasslands of the world Plate 9
Page 389 and 390: 368 Grasslands of the world from th
Page 391 and 392: 370 Grasslands of the world grassla
Page 395 and 396: 374 Grasslands of the world FUTURE
Page 397 and 398: 376 Grasslands of the world Hall, T
Page 399 and 400: 378 Grasslands of the world Martin,
Page 401 and 402: 380 Grasslands of the world Wilson,
Page 403 and 404: 382 Figure 10.1 Extent of grassland
Page 405 and 406: 384 Grasslands of the world with su
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Page 411 and 412: 390 Plate 10.3 Festuca sulcata Gras
Page 413 and 414: 392 Grasslands of the world The FSU
Page 415 and 416: 394 Grasslands of the world thinkin
Page 417 and 418: 396 TABLE 10.4 Climate data of the
Page 419 and 420: 398 Plate 10.5 Kochia prostrata Pla
Page 421 and 422: 400 Plate 10.7 Forest -steppe with
Page 423 and 424: 402 Grasslands of the world Young f
Page 425 and 426: 404 Plate 10.9 Poa bulbosa. Grassla
Page 427 and 428: 406 Grasslands of the world shade-l
Page 429 and 430: 408 Grasslands of the world Physica
Page 431 and 432: 410 Grasslands of the world Mikheev
Page 433 and 434: 412 Grasslands of the world it was
Page 435 and 436: 414 Grasslands of the world of grou
Page 437 and 438: 416 Grasslands of the world Vil’y
Page 439 and 440: 418 Plate 11.1 Trifolium fragiferum
Page 441 and 442: 420 Plate 11.2 Millet, a major crop
Page 445 and 446: 424 Grasslands of the world sudania
Page 447 and 448: 426 Grasslands of the world perenni
Page 449 and 450: 428 Plate 11.8 Park grasslands in N
Page 451 and 452: 430 Grasslands of the world In Para
Page 453 and 454: 432 Plate 11.10b A grassland domina
Page 455 and 456: 434 Grasslands of the world the nor
Page 457 and 458: 436 Grasslands of the world remaini
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438 Plate 11.15 Small ruminants on
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440 Plate 11.19 Qinghai - motorcycl
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442 Plate 11.21 Leymus chinensis .
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444 Plate 11.22 The Himalaya -Hindu
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446 Plate 11.24 Transhumant Kuchi f
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448 Grasslands of the world grazing
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450 Plate 11.27 Delivering fodder t
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452 Plate 11.29 Syrian rangeland ha
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454 Grasslands of the world tains.
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456 Grasslands of the world Turkey
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458 Plate 11.31 Sainfoin (Onobrychi
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460 Grasslands of the world Gintzbu
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Grassland perspectives 463 Chapter
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Grassland perspectives 465 as well
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ALICE CARLONI ALICE CARLONI Grassla
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Grassland perspectives 469 The gras
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Grassland perspectives 471 Trees an
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Grassland perspectives 473 is lost.
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Grassland perspectives 475 breeding
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Grassland perspectives 477 traditio
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Grassland perspectives 479 the numb
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Grassland perspectives 481 to sown
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S.G. REYNOLDS SARDI Grassland persp
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MAGNUS HALLING SARDI Grassland pers
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Grassland perspectives 487 fencing
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MARZIO MARZOT Grassland perspective
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grassland perspective
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Grassland perspectives 493 extremel
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Index 495 A Acacia spp. 31, 34, 36,
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Index 497 B Baccharis spp. 175, 182
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Index 499 Chamaecrista spp. 199, 37
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Index 501 ciliatum 199 elegans 199
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Index 503 fl echillares 176, 177 fl
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Index 505 I Imperata spp. 3, 442, 4
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Index 507 sheep 288, 323, 326, 330
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Index 509 Poa spp. 133, 134, 135, 1
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Index 511 Sheep 14, 15, 38, 39, 84,
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Index 513 Tiller density 204 Touris
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