Grasslands of the World.pdf - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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504 continuous 53, 103, 104, 105, 142, 152, 196, 207, 210, 211, 241, 242, 367, 403, 405 distribution 241 High Performance 105 High Utilization 105 Holistic Resource Management 105, 115, 119 improvement 241 land 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11–16, 19, 21, 24, 37, 41, 43, 44, 46, 52, 53, 305, 307, 326, 328, 329, 331, 336 management 210, 211, 241, 430 pressure 33, 34, 35, 52, 53, 55, 127, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 288, 289, 300, 348, 367, 369, 451, 456, 493 rights 10, 14, 15, 42, 43, 51, 283, 291, 298, 299, 300, 302, 305, 327, 413, 464–9, 486–7, 492 rotational 40, 77, 102, 104, 105, 152, 202, 207, 208, 241, 368, 405 short-duration 242, 367 system 9, 31, 40, 45, 46, 52, 56, 152, 241, 242, 251, 441, 443, 449, 454 time-control 367 Grindelia spp. 141, 148 chiloensis 141 Ground squirrel 227 Guanacos 121, 127, 154 Guiera senegalensis 420 Gypsophila spp. 402 H Haloxylon spp. 316, 442 erinaceum 442 persicum 442 Hay 8, 279, 295, 384, 395, 402 fi elds 405, 459 haymaking 278, 279, 281–3, 291, 301, 384, 397, 405 meadow 282, 384, 399 oat 451 rights 279, 291, 296, 298, 383, 414 yields 281, 282, 395, 397, 399, 401, 402, 406, 410 Grasslands of the world Hedysarum coronarium 419 Helictotrichon spp. 313, 316 tibeticum 313 Helipterum spp. 358 Herding 14, 91, 302, 403–5 brigades 275, 294 communities 421, 426, 458 extensive 179, 186, 187, 313, 326, 333, 424-5, 430, 445, 456 group 327, 328, 336, 383 mobile/mobility 10, 15, 305, 327, 328, 33–4, 409, 434 risk 15, 292, 294, 301, 305, 332–4 systems 421, 435–6, 441 transhumance 3, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 273, 291–2, 296, 305, 323, 330, 332, 418, 419, 421–2, 446, 449, 456 Herd composition 289, 325 Heteropappus altaicus 314 Heteropogon spp. 31, 33, 34, 355, 425, 426, 442, 445, 446 contortus 34, 355, 425, 426, 442, 446 Hilaria jamesii 234 Himalaya 443–4 Hindu Kush 443–4 Hippocrepis spp. 418 Hippophae spp. 446 Holistic Resource Management 105, 115, 119 Hordeum leporinum 357 Horses 316, 321–3, 325, 326, 437 mares 287, 288, 296 Hymenachne amplexicaulis 363, 373, 427 Hyparrhenia spp. 31, 35, 36, 38, 62, 94, 425, 426 diplandra 35 fi lipendula 35 hirta 35, 94 rufa 35, 425, 426 variabilis 426 Hyperaemia spp. 421 Hyperthelia 425, 426 dissoluta 35, 425, 426
Index 505 I Imperata spp. 3, 442, 445, 448 cylindrica 3 cylindrica var. major 442 India 448–9 Integrated Catchment Management 370 Ipomoea spp. 359 Iris lactea var. chinensis 443 Iseilema spp. 359 J Jackrabbit 227 Jordan 16, 453–4 Junellia tridens 134, 135 Juniperus spp. 230, 315, 446 ashei 230 pinchoti 230 virginiana 230 K Kalidium spp. 316, 442 schrenkianum 442 Khainag 285, 287 Karakoram 444 Karakul 434, 435 Kazakhstan 434–5 Kobresia spp. 11, 277, 281, 312, 314, 315, 317, 319, 320, 443, 446 bellardii 277, 317, 443 capillifolia 312, 443 humilis 312, 443 littledalei 312, 443 pygmaea 312, 443 royleana 313 schoenoides 312 setschwanensis 312 tibetica 443 Kochia prostrata 397, 399, 410 Koeleria spp. 233, 245, 277, 282, 312, 387, 389, 403, 446 cristata 233, 282, 446 gracilis 387, 389, 403 litwinowii 313 macrantha 245, 277 Kolkhozy 383, 392 Kroomie Trial 102 Kyrgyzstan 16, 434–5 L Lactuca spp. 402 Land degradation 35, 40, 54, 55, 58, 112, 114, 152 Landcare movement 370 Landsat TM 113, 146, 147, 153 Land tenure 13, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 50, 64, 77, 79, 89, 96, 110, 128, 291, 298, 327–8, 332–3, 343, 348, 464-9, 486–7, 492 access to land 283 changes in 435 land ownership 251, 273 Madagascar 424–5 Turkey 455 Lannea acida 420, 421 Lantana camara 472 Lappula spp. 402 Larix spp. 281 Larrea spp. 136, 433 cuneifolia 136, 433 divaricata 136, 443 nitida 136, 443 Lasiurus spp. 448 Lathyrus aphaca 418 Leaf Appearance Rate 204 Leaf Area Index 204, 205 Leaf Expansion Rate 204 Leaf Life Span 204, 205 Leersia hexandra 180, 427 Legumes 2, 16, 105, 108, 207, 277, 409 native 144, 175, 179, 182, 190, 196, 199, 200, 360, 419 pasture 240, 351, 353, 360–3, 364–73, 374 Legume decline 361, 365 Leontodon spp. 389 Leontopodium spp. 312, 314 Leptocoryphium lanatum 426, 427 Leptodermis sauranja 315 Lespedeza sericea 106, 109 Leucaena spp. 105, 109, 120, 372, 471 leucocephala 105, 120, 372
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The views expressed in this publica
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iv Bush encroachment 60 Rehabilitat
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vi Grazing management 139 Sheep man
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viii Grazing lands, pasture and fod
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x Future 374 References 374 Chapter
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xii Herd management 474 Stocking ra
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xiv and environmental factors. Rese
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xvi or copied without her permissio
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xviii Glossary of technical terms a
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xx IUCN The World Conservation Unio
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Figure 1.1 Extent of the world’s
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2 Plate 1.2 Mosaic of cultivated cr
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4 Plate 1.4 Horse herd on grassland
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6 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.8
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8 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.1
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10 Grasslands of the world Plate 1.
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14 Grasslands of the world century.
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The above coverage leaves some obvi
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18 Grasslands of the world Riveros,
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20 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Chad Cent
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26 Plate 2.2 Large non-ruminant her
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34 Grasslands of the world low pala
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36 Grasslands of the world is impor
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38 Grasslands of the world recently
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40 Grasslands of the world degradat
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42 Grasslands of the world leasehol
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44 Grasslands of the world However,
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46 Grasslands of the world technolo
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48 Grasslands of the world subsiste
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50 Grasslands of the world able to
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54 Grasslands of the world tall veg
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56 Grasslands of the world with wil
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58 Grasslands of the world fragment
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62 Grasslands of the world Reseedin
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64 Grasslands of the world last to
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66 Grasslands of the world Bourn, D
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68 Grasslands of the world Ellis, J
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70 Grasslands of the world the Euro
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72 Grasslands of the world Niamir,
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74 Grasslands of the world Schlesin
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76 Grasslands of the world Wilen, C
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78 Grasslands of the world INTRODUC
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80 Figure 3.2 The extent of grassla
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84 Grasslands of the world Figure 3
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86 Grasslands of the world PEOPLE H
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88 Grasslands of the world The gras
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90 Grasslands of the world Here, la
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92 Grasslands of the world crop res
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94 Grasslands of the world Grasslan
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98 Grasslands of the world These gr
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100 Grasslands of the world high fl
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102 Grasslands of the world product
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104 Grasslands of the world Figure
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106 Plate 3.5 Foggage Kikuyu for wi
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108 Grasslands of the world Plate 3
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110 Grasslands of the world zation
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112 Grasslands of the world imagery
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114 Grasslands of the world Kalahar
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116 Grasslands of the world impleme
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118 Grasslands of the world Grossma
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120 Grasslands of the world Trollop
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122 Grasslands of the world farming
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124 ��
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126 Sheep numbers (millions) 20 15
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128 28 6 8 58 Title deed Legal occu
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130 Grasslands of the world into eq
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132 Figure 4.5 Biozones of Patagoni
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134 Grasslands of the world Semi-de
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136 Plate 4.3 A shrub steppe in the
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138 Grasslands of the world 2001).
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140 Grasslands of the world SHEEP M
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142 Grasslands of the world Patagon
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144 Grasslands of the world scarcit
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146 Grasslands of the world (Cavagn
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148 Grasslands of the world the gen
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150 Grasslands of the world In 1989
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152 TABLE 4.4 Complexity levels of
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154 Grasslands of the world could b
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156 Grasslands of the world of nort
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158 Grasslands of the world Bottini
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160 Grasslands of the world Reunió
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162 Grasslands of the world Ecolog
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164 Grasslands of the world Mainwar
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166 Grasslands of the world Oliva,
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168 Grasslands of the world Sain, C
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170 Grasslands of the world austral
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172 Figure 5.1 The Campos region of
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174 Grasslands of the world bezoart
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176 Grasslands of the world On the
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178 Grasslands of the world Product
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180 Grasslands of the world Some sp
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182 Plate 5.1 Landscape in the Sier
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186 Grasslands of the world Salt de
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188 Grasslands of the world TABLE 5
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190 Grasslands of the world soils d
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192 (c) Grassland with Melica macra
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196 Figure 5.3 Forage offer (FO ) a
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198 Grasslands of the world which a
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200 Grasslands of the world Fertili
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202 Grasslands of the world their c
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204 Grasslands of the world Paspalu
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210 Grasslands of the world Researc
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212 Grasslands of the world It is n
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214 Grasslands of the world Subtrop
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216 Grasslands of the world (Argent
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218 Grasslands of the world para Ba
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Grasslands of central North America
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REX PIEPER REX PIEPER Grasslands of
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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MAE ELSINGER DUANE McCARTNEY Grassl
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JEFF PRINTZ, USDA-NRCS JEFF PRINTZ,
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S.G. REYNOLDS DUANE McCARTNEY Grass
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MAE ELSINGER Grasslands of central
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S.G. REYNOLDS Grasslands of central
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266 Figure 7.1 Map of Mongolia . Pl
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268 TABLE 7.1 Land resources of Mon
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270 TABLE 7.3 Projected total popul
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272 Plate 7.5 Wheat was once grown
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274 Grasslands of the world made of
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276 Grasslands of the world four ho
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278 Plate 7.9 Saddle horses on hitc
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280 TABLE 7.5 Haymaking by producer
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282 Plate 7.11 Meadow grazing - Ark
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284 Grasslands of the world croppin
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286 TABLE 7.10 Evolution of stock n
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288 Plate 7.14 Polled yak in autumn
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290 Figure 7.3 Evolution of stock u
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292 Grasslands of the world of this
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296 Grasslands of the world can go
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298 Grasslands of the world arable
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300 Grasslands of the world regulat
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302 Grasslands of the world systems
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304 Grasslands of the world Suttie,
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306 Grasslands of the world Figure
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308 Plate 8.3 Harvested wheat in th
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310 Grasslands of the world Tang. T
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312 TABLE 8.1 Grassland types of th
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314 Plate 8.5 Poa alpina . Plate 8.
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316 Grasslands of the world precipi
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320 Grasslands of the world of the
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322 Plate 8.11 Kokonor camp with th
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324 Plate 8.14 Milk collection. Pla
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326 Grasslands of the world The num
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328 Grasslands of the world part of
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332 Grasslands of the world 340 000
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334 Plate 8.20 Longri summer camp.
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336 Grasslands of the world There i
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338 Grasslands of the world Clarke,
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340 Grasslands of the world Kush-Hi
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342 Grasslands of the world William
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344 Grasslands of the world grazing
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346 Grasslands of the world Growing
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348 Grasslands of the world that co
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350 Grasslands of the world cessati
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352 Grasslands of the world This zo
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354 Figure 9.2 Natural vegetation z
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356 Grasslands of the world or loam
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358 Grasslands of the world after r
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360 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 (a) Queensl
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362 Grasslands of the world Tropica
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364 Grasslands of the world AVAILAB
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368 Grasslands of the world from th
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370 Grasslands of the world grassla
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374 Grasslands of the world FUTURE
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376 Grasslands of the world Hall, T
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378 Grasslands of the world Martin,
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380 Grasslands of the world Wilson,
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382 Figure 10.1 Extent of grassland
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384 Grasslands of the world with su
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386 Grasslands of the world was to
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388 Plate 10.1 Agropyron pectinifor
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390 Plate 10.3 Festuca sulcata Gras
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392 Grasslands of the world The FSU
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394 Grasslands of the world thinkin
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396 TABLE 10.4 Climate data of the
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398 Plate 10.5 Kochia prostrata Pla
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400 Plate 10.7 Forest -steppe with
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402 Grasslands of the world Young f
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404 Plate 10.9 Poa bulbosa. Grassla
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406 Grasslands of the world shade-l
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408 Grasslands of the world Physica
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410 Grasslands of the world Mikheev
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412 Grasslands of the world it was
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414 Grasslands of the world of grou
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416 Grasslands of the world Vil’y
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418 Plate 11.1 Trifolium fragiferum
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420 Plate 11.2 Millet, a major crop
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424 Grasslands of the world sudania
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426 Grasslands of the world perenni
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428 Plate 11.8 Park grasslands in N
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430 Grasslands of the world In Para
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432 Plate 11.10b A grassland domina
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434 Grasslands of the world the nor
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436 Grasslands of the world remaini
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438 Plate 11.15 Small ruminants on
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440 Plate 11.19 Qinghai - motorcycl
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442 Plate 11.21 Leymus chinensis .
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444 Plate 11.22 The Himalaya -Hindu
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446 Plate 11.24 Transhumant Kuchi f
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448 Grasslands of the world grazing
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450 Plate 11.27 Delivering fodder t
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Page 475 and 476: 454 Grasslands of the world tains.
Page 477 and 478: 456 Grasslands of the world Turkey
Page 479 and 480: 458 Plate 11.31 Sainfoin (Onobrychi
Page 481 and 482: 460 Grasslands of the world Gintzbu
Page 483 and 484: Grassland perspectives 463 Chapter
Page 485 and 486: Grassland perspectives 465 as well
Page 487 and 488: ALICE CARLONI ALICE CARLONI Grassla
Page 489 and 490: Grassland perspectives 469 The gras
Page 491 and 492: Grassland perspectives 471 Trees an
Page 493 and 494: Grassland perspectives 473 is lost.
Page 495 and 496: Grassland perspectives 475 breeding
Page 497 and 498: Grassland perspectives 477 traditio
Page 499 and 500: Grassland perspectives 479 the numb
Page 501 and 502: Grassland perspectives 481 to sown
Page 503 and 504: S.G. REYNOLDS SARDI Grassland persp
Page 505 and 506: MAGNUS HALLING SARDI Grassland pers
Page 507 and 508: Grassland perspectives 487 fencing
Page 509 and 510: MARZIO MARZOT Grassland perspective
Page 511 and 512: S.G. REYNOLDS Grassland perspective
Page 513 and 514: Grassland perspectives 493 extremel
Page 515 and 516: Index 495 A Acacia spp. 31, 34, 36,
Page 517 and 518: Index 497 B Baccharis spp. 175, 182
Page 519 and 520: Index 499 Chamaecrista spp. 199, 37
Page 521 and 522: Index 501 ciliatum 199 elegans 199
Page 523: Index 503 fl echillares 176, 177 fl
Page 527 and 528: Index 507 sheep 288, 323, 326, 330
Page 529 and 530: Index 509 Poa spp. 133, 134, 135, 1
Page 531 and 532: Index 511 Sheep 14, 15, 38, 39, 84,
Page 533 and 534: Index 513 Tiller density 204 Touris
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