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Grasslands of the World.pdf - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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414<br />

<strong>Grassl<strong>and</strong>s</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world<br />

<strong>of</strong> group herding so that families can collaborate to hire a common herder<br />

to manage <strong>the</strong>ir joint herds; <strong>and</strong>, second, by allocating grazing rights <strong>and</strong><br />

responsibility for pasture maintenance to such groups.<br />

Much marginal l<strong>and</strong> has been ploughed to produce meagre crops <strong>of</strong> cereals,<br />

which has largely been used for stock feed. Such l<strong>and</strong> can be returned to<br />

grassl<strong>and</strong> fairly simply: steppe is relatively easy to restore when cropl<strong>and</strong> is<br />

ab<strong>and</strong>oned to fallow . If economic conditions are propitious, it can be reseeded<br />

– reseeding techniques <strong>and</strong> adapted ecotypes <strong>of</strong> suitable grasses are known.<br />

Sown grasses may bring temporary relief , but <strong>the</strong>y should be sufficiently persistent<br />

<strong>and</strong> economically justified, compared with spontaneous fallow grasses.<br />

Sown pastures require careful husb<strong>and</strong>ry <strong>and</strong> considerable expertise. Return<br />

<strong>of</strong> large areas <strong>of</strong> unpr<strong>of</strong>itable cropl<strong>and</strong> to grassl<strong>and</strong> makes sense both environmentally<br />

<strong>and</strong> economically.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Andreev, A.W. 1974a. Kul’turnie pastbitscha w yushnich rayonach [Cultivated pastures<br />

in sou<strong>the</strong>rn regions]. Moscow, Russia : Rossel’chozizdat.<br />

Andreev, N.G. 1974b. Potentialities <strong>of</strong> native hayl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> pastures in <strong>the</strong> Soviet<br />

union. pp. 165–175, in: Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 12th International Grassl<strong>and</strong> Congress.<br />

Moscow, Russia , 11–24 June 1974.<br />

Blagoveshchenskii, G., Popovtsev, V., Shevtsova, L., Romanenkov, V., & Komarov,<br />

L. 2002. Country Pasture /Forage Resource Pr<strong>of</strong>ile – Russian Federation. See:<br />

http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counpr<strong>of</strong>/russia.htm<br />

Boonman, J.G. 1993. East Africa ’s Grasses <strong>and</strong> Fodders: Their Ecology <strong>and</strong> Husb<strong>and</strong>ry.<br />

Dordecht, The Ne<strong>the</strong>rl<strong>and</strong>s: Kluwer Academic Publishers.<br />

Boonman, J.G. & van Wijk, A.J.P. 1973. Breeding for improved herbage <strong>and</strong> seed<br />

productivity . Ne<strong>the</strong>rl<strong>and</strong>s Journal <strong>of</strong> Agricultural Science, 21: 12–23.<br />

Chayanov, A.V. [1926]. In: D. Thorner, B. Kerblay <strong>and</strong> R.E.F. Smith (eds). 1966.<br />

A.V. Chayanov on <strong>the</strong> Theory <strong>of</strong> Peasant Economy. Homewood, Illinois, USA :<br />

American Economic Association.<br />

Chibilev, A.A. 1998. Stepi sewernoii Ewrazii [Steppes <strong>of</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn Eurasia]. Instutut<br />

stepi [Steppe Institute] <strong>of</strong> UrO RAN, Ekaterinburg, Russia .<br />

Chugunov, L.A. 1951. Lugovodstvo [Grassl<strong>and</strong> Husb<strong>and</strong>ry]. Leningrad <strong>and</strong> Moscow,<br />

Russia : Selkhozgiz.<br />

Clements, F.E. 1916. Plant Succession: An Analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Development <strong>of</strong> Vegetation .<br />

Carnegie Institute Publication No. 242. Washington D.C., USA .<br />

Coupl<strong>and</strong>, R.T. 1979. Grassl<strong>and</strong> Ecosystems <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>World</strong>: Analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>Grassl<strong>and</strong>s</strong><br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir Uses. Int. Biol. Progr. 18.<br />

Dmitriev, A.M. 1948. Lugovodstvo s osnovami lugovedeniya [Grassl<strong>and</strong> husb<strong>and</strong>ry<br />

<strong>and</strong> its scientific principles]. Moscow, Russia : Selkhozgiz.<br />

Gilmanov, T.G. 1995. The state <strong>of</strong> rangel<strong>and</strong> resources in <strong>the</strong> newly independent<br />

states <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> former USSR. pp. 10–13, in: Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 5th International<br />

Rangel<strong>and</strong> Congress. Salt Lake City, USA .

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