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Figure 6: Excerpt from Peutinger Map showing Hannibal’s Camp above Capua 229
Appendix 1: Omen lists for Cannae, Metaurus and Pharsalus Author: References to lists of omens. Total number of omens in a list is given in brackets. Deformed infants born Wolf taking sentry‟s sword. Wolf in a camp Wolf mauls sentry Various authors Polybius, Hist. 3.112.6-9 All omens ever ... Livy Silius Italicus Lists in Bk 22: 22.1.8-13 (21) 22.36.7-8 (5) 22.42.8 (1) Metaurus River: 27.37.1-7 (8) 27.37.5 baby size of 4yr old 21.62.6 Gaul - Flaminius 21.46.2 Scipio, Ticinus 27.37.4 mauls sentry, Capua 21.63.14 calf 230 Punica 8.625-655 (20) 8.659-673 (1) 9.66-177 (1) 8.638-9 wild beasts eat sentry Valerius Maximus 1.6.5: Cannae 1.6.12: Pompey‟s camp at Pharsalus 1.6.5 baby with head of elephant 1.6.5 Lucan de bello civili 1.557-66 1.161-5 7.151- 1.562-3 monsters Sacrifice animal 1.165 Bull escapes Flaminius Rain stones 22.1.9 Praeneste 1.6.5 21.62.6 Picenum 22.36.7 Rome, Aricia 27.37.4 Armilustrum Picenum Blood in water 22.1.10 Caere 7.176 Lake 22.36.7 Caere 27.37.1 Veii 27.37.4 Minturnae Boebeis Standards stuck in 22.3.12 1.6.6 1.161 ground Flaminius Flaminius Gods warning 8.625 superi 1.6.12 7.151-2 (Pompey) Fortuna Javelins on fire Caesar, De 22.1.8-9 Sicily 8.626 7.185 melt in (St Elmo‟s?) bel. Afr. 47 heat Watchman‟s staff catch fire 22.1.8 Sardinia Sudden fires 22.1.8 8.631 7.179 Shields sweat blood 22.1.8 Sardinia 1.6.5 Sicily Shrinking sun 22.1.9 Solar Eclipse? 22.1.10 Arpi sun 8.633 tenebris 1.542-3 fighting moon tenebris 7.177-8 Two moons 22.1.10 Cavalry shields in sky 22.1.9 Arpi Bleeding corn 22.1.10 Antium 1.6.5
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Abstract There are many stories abo
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Table of Abbreviations Latin and Gr
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Hannibal almost duels with Aemilius
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Acknowledgements My first heartfelt
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to produce a historical study of th
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published in the Flavian period. Th
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offers a more plausible historical
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second century were entertained wit
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There is, of course, deep appreciat
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apt witticism by echoing Ovid on Ca
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features in their texts to prioriti
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among the greatest stumbling blocks
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historiographical tradition but may
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accompanying scenes of titillation,
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at the opening of this Introduction
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eferences are found within speeches
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Polybius states that Hamilcar Barca
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within the third decad by concludin
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her final imprecation that Carthage
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ack into mythical time. The Barca f
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haec inter iuncto religatus in ordi
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claims that Hannibal had avenged th
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previously beaten enemy, and that t
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the same family have held such a co
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Polybius and Livy. 130 Initially, S
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Chapter 2: Hannibal appropriates He
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ut iste volunt (Livy, 21.10.8). Mor
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In the Phoenician or Carthaginian p
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Presently the wondrous treasure bec
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to Hamilcar; his preference is unex
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tracks, disguising movements, layin
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travelling from Spain to Italy). In
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Progress is slow in the Punica beca
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(Hist. 3.48.12). He debunks any pre
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forces, 191 sending some to Spain (
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These differences arise in part fro
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Livy presents Rome‟s resistance t
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Polybius, Livy and Silius Italicus
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Multa secum quonam inde ire pergere
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inflicted on those captured by Hann
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significant roles in each of the ot
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In this quote Livy echoes Cato‟s
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Representations of Hannibal threate
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„debellata procul, quaecumque voc
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immediately following has turned to
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ηαπ ηα δὲ πξ μαο δη
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Where Livy‟s Hannibal gains a new
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Livy‟s presentation allows for an
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Trasimene than after Cannae. One un
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They believed that, thanks to their
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Pompey: „you are our last resort:
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eference to Mithridates‟ courtier
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epresentation is very indirect. It
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have been better for Rome than vict
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Representing Hannibal’s leadershi
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Descriptive lists summarising the o
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Inde rursus sollicitari seditione m
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In the other part of the field Paul
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death in battle added glory to the
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initially slow: segne primo (Livy,
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haud secus ac, fractae rector si fo
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πάληα δ᾽ ἦλ ηὰ πα
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followed by expiation rites as pres
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Silius Italicus uses omens to conne
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observe: „the differences between
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Chapter 5: Invading Campania, 217 a
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Besides the above advantages the wh
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Cum satis sciret per easdem angusti
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text is that everything is well org
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apida iam subdita peste virgulta at
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characteristic that Polybius notes
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ark, not surrendering until they re
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The people suddenly seized the Pref
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joining other senators with their f
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Silius Italicus, however, has the f
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Effects of Capuan luxury Hannibal d
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Nec Venerem interea fugit exoptabil
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compatriots from Spain, these deser
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Chapter 6: Hannibalis sat nomen era
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The claim was disputed in ancient t
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Livy stresses the importance of thi
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Fortune 360 will provide a means fo
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political climate of Augustan Rome
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about the same time: Romam per eosd
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Mother (Livy, 29.10.4-5). After con
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to recall Hannibal. The description
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namque gravis curis carpit dum noct
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„Turn the ships‟ prows back tow
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Whether Rome or Carthage should giv
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ὄθξα θαὶ νὐθ ἐζέ
Page 183 and 184: fingenti qua volt flectit (Livy, 30
Page 185 and 186: the gods by conducting it so well.
Page 187 and 188: Adesse finem belli ac laboris, in m
Page 189 and 190: does Scipio. Appian closes the scen
Page 191 and 192: other protagonists involved in a co
Page 193 and 194: arrangement of the text, Hannibal e
Page 195 and 196: Cum in apparando acerrime esset occ
Page 197 and 198: qui nunc servatas evertat funditas
Page 199 and 200: Livy‟s presentation of Hannibal i
Page 201 and 202: Hannibal the Scapegoat and Warmonge
Page 203 and 204: shelter. Hannibal sailed out in the
Page 205 and 206: direct speech by Hannibal to Antioc
Page 207 and 208: Hannibal unus, cuius eo tempore vel
Page 209 and 210: Somewhat less credible is the detai
Page 211 and 212: Sic vir fortissimus, multis variisq
Page 213 and 214: Cornelius Nepos similarly depicts F
Page 215 and 216: The Sibyl predicts that Hannibal wi
Page 217 and 218: Missus Hannibal in Hispaniam primo
Page 219 and 220: By nature he was eager for action a
Page 221 and 222: Conclusions There are a number of c
Page 223 and 224: It is interesting to note that epis
Page 225 and 226: and pietas, with Polybius and Corne
Page 227 and 228: The fifth chapter compared treatmen
Page 229 and 230: Livy and Polybius who depict Hannib
Page 231 and 232: Figure 1: Kraay, Pl.112 No 332 Figu
Page 233: Figure 5: ‘Hannibal,’ Museo Arc
Page 237 and 238: Appendix 2: The importance of names
Page 239 and 240: attle; occasionally naming the comm
Page 241 and 242: It is with the final word at the cl
Page 243 and 244: Bibliography Ancient texts and tran
Page 245 and 246: Polybius, Histories V, translated b
Page 247 and 248: Barnes, W. R., 1995, „Silius Ital
Page 249 and 250: Dominik, W. J., 2003, „Hannibal a
Page 251 and 252: Hoyos, Dexter, 1999, „A modern vi
Page 253 and 254: Morgan, M. G., 1972, „Polybius an
Page 255 and 256: Seymour Forster, Edward, 1995, (tra
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