Frederiksen, M., 1984, Campania, Purcell, N., (ed.), BSR, Rome. Frederiksen, M., 1959, „Republican Capua,‟ PBSR 27, 80-130. Galinsky, Karl, 1972, <strong>The</strong> Herakles <strong>The</strong>me: <strong>The</strong> Adaptations of the Hero in Literature from Homer to the Twentieth Century, Oxford. Geiger, Joseph, 1985, Cornelius Nepos and Ancient Political Biography, Stuttgart. Gelzer, M., 1933, „Römische Politik bei Fabius Pictor,‟ Hermes, 68, 133-42. Gibson, Bruce, 2005, „<strong>The</strong> high empire: AD 69-200,‟ in Harrison, S., (ed.), A Companion to Latin Literature, Malden. Glew, Dennis, review of Walsh, P. G., 1993, Livy Book XXXVIII, Warminster, in BMCR, 95.05.09. Goldberg, S., 1989, „Poetry, politics and Ennius,‟ TAPA, 119, 247-261. Goldberg, S., 1995, Epic in Republican Rome, Oxford. Goldsworthy, Adrian, 2001, Cannae, London. Goldsworthy, Adrian, 2001, <strong>The</strong> Punic Wars, London. Goldsworthy, Adrian, 2000, <strong>The</strong> Fall of Carthage, London. Goold, G. P., 1977, (transl.), Manilius Astronomica, Loeb edn., Cambridge, Mass. Gow, James, 1896, Horace Odes and Epodes, Cambridge. Grant, Michael, 1960, Myths of the Greeks and Romans, London. Grant, Michael, 1979, History of Rome, London. Green, P., 1989, Classical Bearings: Interpreting Ancient History and Culture, London. Griffith, Alison B., 2006, review of Wiseman, T. P., 2004, <strong>The</strong> Myths of Rome, Exeter in Scholia Reviews, ns 15, 7. Grueber, H. A., 1970, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum, II, London. Gruen, E., 1984, <strong>The</strong> Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome, Berkeley. Gruen, E., 2005, review of M. Leigh, 2004, Comedy and the Rise of Rome, Oxford, in JRS, Vol. XCV, 280-1. Günther, Linda-Marie (München), 2008, „Hannibal.‟ Brill's New Pauly. Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider, Brill Online. Hammond, Nigel, 1993, Sources for Alexander the Great, Cambridge. Hardie, Philip, 1989, „Flavian epicists on Virgil‟s epic technique,‟ Ramus, 18, 3-20. Hardie, Philip, 1993, <strong>The</strong> Epic Successors of Virgil. A Study in the Dynamics of a Tradition, Cambridge. Hardie, Philip, 2005, „Narrative epic,‟ in Harrison, S. J., (ed.), A Companion to Latin Literature, Malden. Hardie, Philip, 2007, „Poets, patrons, rulers: <strong>The</strong> Ennian traditions,‟ in Fitzgerald, William and Flowers, Emily, (eds.), Ennius Perennis. <strong>The</strong> Annals and Beyond, Cambridge, 129-144. Henderson, J., 1999, Writing Down Rome, Oxford. Henderson, J., 2001, „Polybius/Walbank,‟ in Harrison, S. J., (ed.), Texts, Ideas and the Classics, Oxford. Heurgon, J., 1942, Recherches sur l’histoire, la religion et la civilisation de Capoue preromaine des origines la deuxi me guerre punique, Paris. Hoffman, W., 1942, Livius und der zweite punische Krieg, 42-45, Leipzig. Hoyos, Dexter, 1975, „Hannibal and Rome: <strong>The</strong> outbreak of the Second Punic War,‟ History Teachers’ Association of NSW, Occasional Paper, Sydney. Hoyos, Dexter, 1998, Unplanned Wars: <strong>The</strong> Origins of the First and Second Punic Wars, New York. 245
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http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz
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Abstract There are many stories abo
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Table of Abbreviations Latin and Gr
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Hannibal almost duels with Aemilius
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Acknowledgements My first heartfelt
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to produce a historical study of th
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published in the Flavian period. Th
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offers a more plausible historical
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second century were entertained wit
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There is, of course, deep appreciat
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apt witticism by echoing Ovid on Ca
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features in their texts to prioriti
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among the greatest stumbling blocks
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historiographical tradition but may
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accompanying scenes of titillation,
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at the opening of this Introduction
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eferences are found within speeches
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Polybius states that Hamilcar Barca
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within the third decad by concludin
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her final imprecation that Carthage
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ack into mythical time. The Barca f
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haec inter iuncto religatus in ordi
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claims that Hannibal had avenged th
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previously beaten enemy, and that t
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the same family have held such a co
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Polybius and Livy. 130 Initially, S
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Chapter 2: Hannibal appropriates He
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ut iste volunt (Livy, 21.10.8). Mor
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In the Phoenician or Carthaginian p
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Presently the wondrous treasure bec
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to Hamilcar; his preference is unex
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tracks, disguising movements, layin
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travelling from Spain to Italy). In
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Progress is slow in the Punica beca
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(Hist. 3.48.12). He debunks any pre
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forces, 191 sending some to Spain (
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These differences arise in part fro
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Livy presents Rome‟s resistance t
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Polybius, Livy and Silius Italicus
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Multa secum quonam inde ire pergere
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inflicted on those captured by Hann
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significant roles in each of the ot
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In this quote Livy echoes Cato‟s
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Representations of Hannibal threate
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„debellata procul, quaecumque voc
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immediately following has turned to
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ηαπ ηα δὲ πξ μαο δη
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Where Livy‟s Hannibal gains a new
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Livy‟s presentation allows for an
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Trasimene than after Cannae. One un
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They believed that, thanks to their
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Pompey: „you are our last resort:
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eference to Mithridates‟ courtier
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epresentation is very indirect. It
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have been better for Rome than vict
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Representing Hannibal’s leadershi
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Descriptive lists summarising the o
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Inde rursus sollicitari seditione m
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In the other part of the field Paul
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death in battle added glory to the
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initially slow: segne primo (Livy,
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haud secus ac, fractae rector si fo
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πάληα δ᾽ ἦλ ηὰ πα
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followed by expiation rites as pres
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Silius Italicus uses omens to conne
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observe: „the differences between
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Chapter 5: Invading Campania, 217 a
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Besides the above advantages the wh
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Cum satis sciret per easdem angusti
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text is that everything is well org
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apida iam subdita peste virgulta at
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characteristic that Polybius notes
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ark, not surrendering until they re
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The people suddenly seized the Pref
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joining other senators with their f
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Silius Italicus, however, has the f
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Effects of Capuan luxury Hannibal d
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Nec Venerem interea fugit exoptabil
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compatriots from Spain, these deser
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Chapter 6: Hannibalis sat nomen era
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The claim was disputed in ancient t
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Livy stresses the importance of thi
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Fortune 360 will provide a means fo
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political climate of Augustan Rome
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about the same time: Romam per eosd
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Mother (Livy, 29.10.4-5). After con
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to recall Hannibal. The description
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namque gravis curis carpit dum noct
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„Turn the ships‟ prows back tow
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Whether Rome or Carthage should giv
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ὄθξα θαὶ νὐθ ἐζέ
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fingenti qua volt flectit (Livy, 30
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the gods by conducting it so well.
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Adesse finem belli ac laboris, in m
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does Scipio. Appian closes the scen
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other protagonists involved in a co
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arrangement of the text, Hannibal e
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Cum in apparando acerrime esset occ
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qui nunc servatas evertat funditas
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- Page 213 and 214: Cornelius Nepos similarly depicts F
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- Page 219 and 220: By nature he was eager for action a
- Page 221 and 222: Conclusions There are a number of c
- Page 223 and 224: It is interesting to note that epis
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- Page 235 and 236: Appendix 1: Omen lists for Cannae,
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- Page 239 and 240: attle; occasionally naming the comm
- Page 241 and 242: It is with the final word at the cl
- Page 243 and 244: Bibliography Ancient texts and tran
- Page 245 and 246: Polybius, Histories V, translated b
- Page 247 and 248: Barnes, W. R., 1995, „Silius Ital
- Page 249: Dominik, W. J., 2003, „Hannibal a
- Page 253 and 254: Morgan, M. G., 1972, „Polybius an
- Page 255 and 256: Seymour Forster, Edward, 1995, (tra