David K.H. Begg, Gianluigi Vernasca-Economics-McGraw Hill Higher Education (2011)

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Index happiness 594 new products 594 pollution 376-7 productivity 614-15 gross investment 255 gross national product (GNP) 360, 365, 373-7 comprehensive measure 376-7 economic growth 609-10 GNP deflator 374-5 hidden economies 373-4 nominal GNP 374-6 per capita real GNP 375-6 real GNP 374-6 growth, economic see economic growth growth rate 30 H happiness, GDP 594 headline inflation 521 health, measuring economic development 372 health and safety information 329-30 quality 329-31 risk 329-31 standards 330-1 health services 13 hedging 294-6 hidden economies, GNP 3 73-4 higher education labour market 239 signalling 284 higher tax rate 407 holding money 434-8 horizontal equity 308 hostile takeovers 129-30 household wealth, consumption demand 454 human capital 597 hyperinflation 28, 505-6 hysteresis, unemployment 544-5 I ii schedule, inflation targeting 481-3 immigration effects, labour market 236 imperfect competition 197-222 market failure 315 imports current account 558 employment rate 416-17 marginal propensity to import (MPZ) 414 national income accounting 369 impossible triad, exchange rate regimes 662-3 incidence, tax 84-7 income changes adjustment 103-5 income expansion paths 104-5 income determination, foreign trade 413-17 income distribution 8-9 functional income distribution 269 inequality 270-1 personal income distribution 269-70 UK 269-71 income effect, price changes 106, 107-8 income elasticity of demand 79 cars 81-2 inferior goods 79-82 luxury goods 79-82 normal goods 79-82 income expansion paths, income changes 104-5 income redistribution, transfer payments 341-2 incomes policy, inflation 519 increasing returns to scale see scale economies index numbers 25-8 indifference curves, tastes 94-6 indirect taxes, government spending 337-8 industry demand curve, labour market 229 industry labour market equilibrium 234-7 industry supply curves 176-8 long run 177-8 short run 176-7 inferior goods 48 cigarettes 112 income elasticity of demand 79-82 price changes 109, 112 inflation 501-26 adaptation 515-16 aggregate demand 481-3 anticipated 515-16 Asia 520-1 Bank of England independence 520 controlling 519-21 costs 514-19 CPI inflation 521 deficits 506-8 deflation 517 -19 demand 82 equilibrium inflation 484-9 expectations 509 fiscal drag 516 Fisher hypothesis 504-5 flexible inflation targeting 496-8 headline 521 hyperinflation 28, 505-6 incomes policy 519 institutional reform 519-20 interest rates 504-6 Maastricht Treaty 519-20 menu costs 515 Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) 521-3 money 502-4, 506-8 oil prices 7 -8, 486-7 output 508-14 pure inflation 501 self-fulfilling prophecy 509 shoe-leather costs 515 stagflation 513 targets 481-3, 496-8, 521-2 taxation 516 uncertainty 517 underlying 521 unemployment 508-14 unexpected 516-17 inflation accounting 516 inflation-adjusted budget 409 inflation illusion 514-15 inflation rate 27-8, 360-2, 501-2 inflation target 481-3, 496-8 inflation tax 507 -8 information see also risk asymmetric information 281-4 e-products 296-301 health and safety 329-30 707
Index information - cont. quality 329-30 risk and 275-304 information overload, e-products 298 injection, circular flow 367-8 innocent entry barriers 217 innovation, economic growth 596-8 inputs 144-5 insiders, labour market 243-4 institutional reform, inflation 519-20 insurance, risk 278-9 interdependence, oligopoly 203-5 interdependent decisions, game theory 206-8 interest parity 561-2 interest rate spread 424 interest rates 255-61 see also real interest rate 1975-2010, UK 523 Fisher hypothesis 504-5 inflation 504-6 monetary control 449-50 mortgages 456-7 nominal interest rate 259-60, 482 real interest rate 259-62, 436-8, 482 transmission lag 456-7 intermediate goods 365-6 intermediate targets, monetary policy 452-3 internal balance 562-4 international business cycles 626-8 international comparisons, macroeconomics 377-8 international monetary system 659 international trade 633-58 see also globalization allowing 638-9 capital-labour ratios 642-3 commodity composition of trade 636 comparative advantage 637-43 conflicts 644-5 EU Single Market 652-3 gainers/losers 644-5 intra-industry trade 643-4 less-developed countries (LDCs) 635-7 losers/gainers 644-5 non-tariff barriers 652-3, 655-6 tariffs 646-5 5 trade patterns 634-7 trade policies 646-56 world trade patterns 634-7 international value of the domestic currency 550 intra-industry trade, international trade 643-4 invention, economic growth 596-8 inventories 125, 368 see also stocks inventory investment 459-60 investment see also portfolio selection; stock markets 2009 crash 388-9 accelerator model of investment 618-21 behavioural finance 293 budget 406-7 business cycles 618-21 circular flow 366-8 national income accounting 366-8 planned saving/planned investment 389-90 portfolio selection 286-91 real interest rate 261-2 investment demand 385 inventory investment 459-60 investment in fixed capital 457-9 transmission mechanism 457-60 investment demand schedule 458-9 investment spending, aggregate demand 385 'invisible hand; markets 15 involuntary unemployment 240, 533 IOU money 422 iPhone, price elasticity of demand (PED) 74 Irish deflation 677-8 IS-LM model, fiscal policy 465-73 IS schedule, goods market equilibrium 465 isoquants, labour market 250-2 J Japan confidence 403-5 fiscal policy 403-5 K Keynesian model, macroeconomics 480-1, 489 Keynesian unemployment 532, 534-5 kinked demand curve, oligopoly 205 Kyoto Protocol, climate change economics 327 L labour, economic growth 595 labour-augmenting technical progress 601-2 labour force 230, 360-2, 527-8 labour market 223-49, 527-31 see also unemployment demand for factors, long run 224-6 demand for labour, short run 226-8 discouraged workers 529 economic rent 238-9 efficiency wages 244 flows and stocks 528-9 higher education 239 immigration effects 236 industry demand curve 229 industry labour market equilibrium 234-7 insiders 243-4 isoquants 250-2 marginal product of labour (MPL) 226-8 marginal revenue product of labour (MRPL) 236-7 marginal value product of labour (MVPL) 226-8 minimum wage agreements 240-1 monopsony power 236-7 outsiders 243-4 participation rates 231-4, 528 scale economies 243 stocks and flows 528-9 supply of labour 230-4 trade unions 241-3 transfer earnings 238-9 wage behaviour 489-90 wages and employment 244-6 wages discrimination 245-6 708
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• David Begg, Gianluigi Vernasca,
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Economics 10th Edition David Begg,
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Brief Table of Contents Preface xii
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5 Consumer choice and demand decisi
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PART FOUR Macroeconomics l 5 Introd
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PART FIVE The world economy 28 Inte
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Changes to the tenth edition After
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Guided tour In addition to illustra
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Aiding Understanding Hy the end of
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Rent ceiling in Sweden* More on pri
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13 General vs partial equilibrium:
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26 Growth and competition* Case Neo
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Cl INSTRUCTORS ... Would you like y
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Additional technology to enhance le
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Custom Publishing Solutions • cre
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Acknowledgements for the tenth edit
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Finally, special thanks to the foll
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---.. . - Introduction Economics is
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CHAPTER 1 Economics and the economy
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Learning Outcomes By the end of thi
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CHAPTER 2 Tools of economic analysi
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CHAPTER 3 Demand, supply and the ma
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4.1 The price responsiveness of dem
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4.2 Price, quantity demanded and to
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4.2 Price, quantity demanded and to
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4.4 Short run and long run simultan
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4.6 The effect of income on demand
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4.6 The effect of income on demand
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4.8 Elasticity of supply The elasti
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4.9 Who really pays the tax? S' - G
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Summary What are the effects of the
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Review questions 5 Common fallacies
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5.1 Demand by a single consumer is
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5.1 Demand by a single consumer Ill
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5.1 Demand by a single consumer QF
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5.1 Demand by a single consumer whe
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5.1 Demand by a single consumer How
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5.2 Adjustment to income changes ou
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5.3 Adjustment to price changes and
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5.3 Adjustment to price changes Thi
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5.3 Adjustment to price changes imp
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5.3 Adjustment to price changes Q '
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5.5 Complements and substitutes it
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5.6 Transfers in kind that to the s
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Review questions • The market dem
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Our theory of consumer choice assum
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APPENDIX Consumer choice with measu
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6.2 A firm's accounts A sole trader
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6.2 A firm's accounts Inventories I
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6.2 A firm's accounts Earnings When
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6.4 Corporate finance and corporate
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6.5 The firm's supply decision Tabl
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6.6 Marginal cost and marginal reve
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6. 7 Marginal cost and marginal rev
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Review questions in total cost when
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7.2 Production in the short run: di
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7.2 Production in the short run: di
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7.3 Short-run costs As you can see
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7.3 Short-run costs 60 50 SMC - 40
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7.3 Short-run costs down average co
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7.4 A firm's output decision in the
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7.6 Long-run total, marginal and av
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7. 7 Returns to scale - "O 0 DI ..
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7. 7 Returns to scale Scale economi
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7. 7 Returns to scale Table 7.10 Mi
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--1-----1 7.8 The firm's long-run o
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Summary Summary • This chapter di
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Review questions 8 Suppose that fir
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8.1 Perfect competition Perfect com
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8.2 A perfectly competitive firm's
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8.2 A perfectly competitive firm's
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8.3 Industry supply curves In the s
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8.4 Comparative statics for a compe
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.. 8.6 Profit-maximizing output for
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8.6 Profit-maximizing output for a
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8. 7 Output and price under monopol
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8. 7 Output and price under monopol
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8.8 A monopoly has no supply curve
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8.9 Monopoly and technical change f
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8.10 Natural monopoly 'ti QI 0 :I P
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Review questions • Adding at each
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9 .1 Why market structures differ D
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9 .1 Why market structures differ T
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9.3 Oligopoly and interdependence A
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9.3 Oligopoly and interdependence T
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9.4 Game theory and interdependent
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9.5 Reaction functions demand curve
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9.5 Reaction functions Deriving the
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9.5 Reaction functions Mergers and
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9.5 Reaction functions The Stackelb
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9.7 Strategic entry deterrence Inno
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9.8 Summing up Barriers at the chec
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Review questions Review questions c
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I 0.1 The firm's demand for factors
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10.2 The firm's demand for labour i
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10.3 The industry demand curve for
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10.4 The supply of labour Table 10.
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10.4 The supply of labour A reducti
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10.5 Industry labour market equilib
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10.5 Industry labour market equilib
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10.6 Transfer earnings and economic
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10. 7 Do labour markets clear? Mini
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10. 7 Do labour markets clear? How
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10.8 UK wages and employment Table
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Summary reducing demand for both fa
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Review questions In a graph with th
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APPENDIX Isoquants and the choice o
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11.2 Rentals, interest rates and as
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11.3 Saving, investment and the rea
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11. 5 The supply of capital service
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11.6 Equilibrium and adjustment in
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11.8 Land and rents supply of skill
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11.9 Income distribution in the UK
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Summary of average earnings. As liv
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Review questions the quantity of ca
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12.l Individual attitudes to risk S
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12.2 Insurance and risk Life assura
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12.3 Asymmetric information The uti
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12.3 Asymmetric information Executi
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12.4 Uncertainty and asset returns
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12.5 Portfolio selection We use the
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12.5 Portfolio selection Conversely
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12.6 Efficient asset markets Beta i
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12.6 Efficient asset markets II Beh
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12. 7 More on risk You own a copper
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12.8 E-products 100 80 60 - - - - -
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12.8 E-products If Britain had to s
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Summary Britannica shelved Serious
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Review questions 4 You set up a fir
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Welfa re economics Normative or wel
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics Welfar
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics Perfec
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics margin
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics II) E
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics have c
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics DD Wit
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics .. ;
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics 0 Firm
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics Was th
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics 0 u -
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics benefi
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics P' "i
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics • Di
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CHAPTER 13 Welfare economics Q MPC
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CHAPTER 14 Government spending and
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15.2 Some facts Annual real output
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15.3 An overview Since profits are
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15.4 National income accounting
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15.4 National income accounting Sav
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15.4 National income accounting phy
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15.4 National income accounting Hou
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15.5 What GNP measures Table l 5.3
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15.5 What GNP measures Table 15.4 N
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15.6 International comparisons Citi
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16. l Components of aggregate deman
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16.2 Aggregate demand S =-A + (1 -
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16.3 Equilibrium output C'I ·- c -
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16.4 Another approach: planned savi
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16. 5 A fall in aggregate demand A
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16.7 The paradox of thrift Table 16
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16.8 The role of confidence The cha
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Review questions 2 Suppose the MPC
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17 .2 Government and aggregate dema
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17.4 Deficits and the fiscal stance
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17.5 Automatic stabilizers and disc
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17 .6 The national debt and the def
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17. 7 Foreign trade and income dete
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17. 7 Foreign trade and income dete
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Summary and employment. In Figure 1
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Review questions 2 The government s
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18. 1 Money and its functions The m
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18.2 Modern banking M_o_d_er_n_ha
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18.3 How banks create money How did
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18.4 Financial crises However, ther
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18.4 Financial crises UK bank inter
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18.5 The traditional theory of mone
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18.6 UK money supply after the 2006
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18. 7 The demand for money flow and
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18. 7 The demand for money Table 18
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Review questions • Financial dere
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19.2 Traditional means of monetary
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19 .3 Lender of last resort Second,
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19.4 Equilibrium in financial marke
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19.5 Monetary control However, more
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19.5 Monetary control UK quantitati
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19. 7 The transmission mechanism AD
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19. 7 The transmission mechanism Wh
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19. 7 The transmission mechanism In
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19. 7 The transmission mechanism He
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Review questions • A higher inter
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20.2 The IS-LM model T_he_IS_-_L_
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20.2 The IS-LM model Until 2008 mon
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20.3 The IS-LM model in action Fisc
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20.4 Shocks to money demand Hence,
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20.5 The policy mix IS schedule, IS
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20.6 The effect of future taxes Que
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Summary helped explain positive UK
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Review questions IS-LM diagram, rec
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21. l Inflation and aggregate deman
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21.2 Aggregate supply demand. The A
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21.3 Equilibrium inflation AS0 AS,
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21.3 Equilibrium inflation It was c
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21.4 The labour market and wage beh
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21.6 The adjustment process The eco
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21. 7 Sluggish adjustment to shocks
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21.8 Trade-offs in monetary objecti
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21.8 Trade-offs in monetary objecti
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Review questions • In practice, w
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22. l Money and inflation rises wit
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22.2 Inflation and interest rates N
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22.3 Inflation, money and deficits
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22.4 Inflation, unemployment and ou
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22.5 The costs of inflation find th
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22.5 The costs of inflation You los
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22.6 Controlling inflation Without
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22. 7 The Monetary Policy Committee
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Summary 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 He
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Review questions Money growth (%) I
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23. l The labour market may simply
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23.2 Analysing unemployment The fig
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23.2 Analysing unemployment of an h
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23.3 Explaining changes in unemploy
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23.4 Cyclical fluctuations in unemp
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23.5 The cost of unemployment Count
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23.5 The cost of unemployment in th
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Review questions • Most European
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24.1 The foreign exchange market do
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24.2 Exchange rate regimes ... ii)
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24.3 The balance of payments statis
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24.4 The real exchange rate In row
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24.6 The financial account Table 24
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24.6 The financial account This sec
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24. 7 Internal and external balance
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24.8 The long-run equilibrium real
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Summary This figure is helpful in t
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25. l Fixed exchange rates So far,
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25. l Fixed exchange rates Gordon B
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25. l Fixed exchange rates A shock
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25.3 Devaluation 1 .., Devaluation
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25.3 Devaluation Table 25.1 The 196
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25.4 Floating exchange rates UK. Af
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25.5 Monetary and fiscal policy und
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25.5 Monetary and fiscal policy und
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Summary Summary • With a fixed ex
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Review questions 11 The following t
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26. 1 Economic growth Table 26.1 Re
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26.2 Growth: an overview In the lon
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26.3 Technical knowledge Learning b
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26.4 Growth and accumulation increa
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26.5 Growth through technical progr
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26.6 Growth in the OECD II : e!p ;:
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26.6 Growth in the OECD Within the
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26.6 Growth in the OECD Annual real
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26.8 The costs of growth rate g? If
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Review questions • Potential outp
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2 7 .1 Trend and cycle: statistics
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27.2 Theories of the business cycle
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27.2 Theories of the business cycle
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.. 27.2 Theories of the business cy
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27 .3 Real business cycles provides
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27.4 Towards a consensus: supply-si
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27.5 An international business cycl
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Review questions • Some swings in
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The world economy Part Five focuses
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CHAPTER 28 International trade Is t
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CHAPTER 28 International trade Tabl
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CHAPTER 28 International trade The
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CHAPTER 28 International trade Comp
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CHAPTER 28 International trade Conv
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CHAPTER 28 International trade Fanc
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CHAPTER 28 International trade The
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CHAPTER 28 International trade High
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CHAPTER 28 International trade thei
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CHAPTER 28 International trade Of c
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CHAPTER 28 International trade Conc
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Page 697 and 698: CHAPTER 29 Exchange rate regimes Ta
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Page 705 and 706: CHAPTER 29 Exchange rate regimes It
Page 707 and 708: CHAPTER 29 Exchange rate regimes Ta
Page 709 and 710: CHAPTER 29 Exchange rate regimes 0
Page 711 and 712: CHAPTER 29 Exchange rate regimes th
Page 717 and 718: CHAPTER 29 Exchange rate regimes
Page 720 and 721: Activity 1.1 (a) (b) Activity 2.1 (
Page 722 and 723: Answers to activity questions Activ
Page 724 and 725: Answers to activity questions Activ
Page 726 and 727: Absolute advantage an individual, c
Page 728 and 729: Glossary Demand for money a demand
Page 730 and 731: Glossary Gross domestic product (GD
Page 732 and 733: Glossary Marginal product the margi
Page 734 and 735: Glossary Percentage change the abso
Page 736 and 737: Glossary Sole trader a business own
Page 738 and 739: A absolute advantage 11-12 internat
Page 740 and 741: Index commodity composition of trad
Page 742 and 743: Index elasticity of supply 82-4 ele
Page 746 and 747: Index Laffer curve supply-side econ
Page 748 and 749: Index exports 369 foreign countries
Page 750 and 751: Index reading diagrams 34-5 real bu
Page 752 and 753: Index future taxes effect 475-7 gov
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