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mankind made an “evolutionary leap” acquiring the ability to speak due to<br />

a translocation of a gene on the Y chromosome.<br />

Philosophy, Mythology<br />

Giovanni Reale, professor of History of Philosophy at the Catholic University<br />

in Milan, explains the origin of the concept of “soul” developed in the Greek<br />

world in the period between Homer and Plato 8 and reports some very<br />

interesting statements with reference to the relationship between men and<br />

gods in Homer's world...<br />

He underlines that the gods have a full range of human vices as well as an<br />

a<strong>mb</strong>ivalent character. In examining the triad of Zeus, Apollo and Athena,<br />

we see that Zeus does not keep promises, and he can be easily deceived.<br />

Apollo gets directly involved in battle, reminding Diomedes that he<br />

should not fight with the gods, because he is not the same as the race of<br />

men trudging on the ground. He also recalls two passages from the Iliad<br />

that we find very interesting if seen in relation to the hypothesis that gods<br />

were people made of flesh and blood. During the Trojan War, they could<br />

actually still be on Earth, since one of them had established a covenant<br />

with Moses in almost the same time when the events described in the Iliad<br />

took place.<br />

Elena looks dreadfully like the immortal goddesses...<br />

Poseidon disguises himself as the prophet Calchas and then when he<br />

speaks to Ajax Oileus, Ajax says: “This is not Calchas, I immediately<br />

watched behind him, his footprints and footsteps as he was going; gods<br />

are easily recognized!”.<br />

Sumerology<br />

Giovanni Pettinato, professor in Sumerology at the University La<br />

Sapienza in Rome, writes: 9 35

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