A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 101 of 151 12/8/2017 wünschen zögern to wish to delay Note when translating such constructions that English sometimes requires the gerund form (-ing) of the dependent verb: Gestern fing es zu regnen an, und heute regnet es immer noch. It started raining yesterday and it’s still raining today. b. Infinitive clauses with nouns Das ist ein Befehl, vorwärts zu ziehen. That is a command to move forward. Das ist ein Versuch, die neu entdeckten Mineralen zu untersuchen. That is an attempt to test the newly discovered minerals. c. The verb sein plus zu and an infinitive In terms of how it is translated, this construction is quite different from those above. Consider the following examples: Dieses Buch ist zu lesen. The book is to be read. In Minnesota sind viele Seen zu sehen. In Minnesota many lakes are to be seen. It is sometimes more natural in English to express this meaning using a passive voice construction with the modal verb “must” or “can.” We could optionally translate the first sentence as “This book must be read,” or the second as “In Minnesota many lakes can be seen.” In fact, the sich lassen passive construction in 1. d) above carries a meaning similar to this construction. Note that the above two examples do not have an adjective as the predicate of sein. When you do see an adjective there, the meaning will be easy to read, since English uses this same construction to express the same meaning: Dieses Buch ist schwierig zu lesen. This book is hard to read.
Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 102 of 151 12/8/2017 Im starken Winde wird das Boot leicht umzukippen sein. In a strong wind, the boat will be easy to tip over. Unit: 11: Infinitive usages 4. Common Infinitive Constructions As is true for all dependent constructions, including the infinitive clauses described above, it is helpful to remember that German abides by two rules that give you visual cues about the structure of sentences: 1. All dependent constructions, whether clauses or phrases, are separated from main clauses by a comma or commas. 2. Verbs stand in final position in dependent clauses and phrases. There are three prepositions that in infinitive clauses take on special but commonly used meanings: a. um . . . zu + infinitive = “in order to” Sie lernt fleißig, um das Examen zu bestehen. She studies hard in order to pass the exam. b. ohne . . . zu + infinitive = “without” + present participle. Wir sind nach Frankreich gereist, ohne Paris zu besuchen. We travelled to France without visiting Paris. c. anstatt (sometimes statt) . . . zu + infinitive = “instead of” + present participle. Anstatt zu arbeiten, sind wir ins Kino gegangen. Instead of working we went to the cinema (movies). Unit: 12: Da- compounds 1. Objectives In this unit you will learn how to:
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A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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