A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 77 of 151 12/8/2017 A present tense probability statement: Er wird wohl Deutsch studieren. He is probably studying German. [or:] He is probably a German major. A past tense probability statement: Er wird wohl Deutsch studiert haben. He probably (studied / has studied) German. Follow these steps whenever you see a sentence that looks like a future or future perfect statement that contains wohl, doch or schon as an adverb: 1. Attempt to translate the sentence with both the verb tense (future or future perfect) and wohl/doch/schon in their "normal" meanings. 2. Compare that result with when you attempt to translate the sentence as a probability statement, in which case two meanings change: A. Understand the verb tense as present instead of what looks like future, or as past instead of what looks like future perfect. B. Understand wohl/doch/schon as the "probability" adverb: "probably / surely / likely" etc. 3. Pick the reading (step #1 or #2) that makes more sense. If they both could make sense, then pick #2. In other words, generally werden + doch/schon/wohl indicates a probability statement (option #2), unless that doesn’t make realworld sense. Work out your own translations of the five examples on this page to experience this decision-making process. More examples: Der spricht aber fließend! Er wird doch Deutsch studieren!? Wow, that guy speaks fluently! Surely he’s a German major!? Sie werden dir schon die Wahrheit sagen. I’m confident they will tell you the truth. (Note: not a probability statement, just regular future tense and regular schon.) Sie werden dir schon viel Geld gekostet haben. They likely cost you a lot of money.
Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 78 of 151 12/8/2017 Unit: 8: Werden, relative clauses 5. Relative Pronouns and Relative Clauses In Unit 6, we dealt with dependent clauses as introduced by subordinating conjunctions. Now we will deal with another type of dependent clause, the relative clause which is introduced with the German equivalent of “which,” “that,” “who,” “whom,” etc. Examples in English: I saw the cat which my dog hates. I saw the cat that ate the mouse. I saw the man who owns the cat. I saw the house in which they live. The German relative pronouns in the different cases are exactly the same as the definite article, except for those bolded below. They are translated either as “who” and its forms (“whose”, “whom”) or as “which,” “that,” and “what”: MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER PLURAL NOMINATIVE der die das die ACCUSATIVE den die das die DATIVE dem der dem denen GENITIVE dessen deren dessen deren Compare these with the definite articles in Unit 2. The differences are in the genitive (“of which,” “whose”), where we see dessen and deren, and in the dative plural (“to which,” “to whom”), where we see denen. In much older German texts, we will find another form of the relative pronoun, welch-, which is declined like the der– words as shown in Unit 3. There is no genitive form of welch– as a relative pronoun. Relative pronouns are used to introduce relative clauses. In the English sentence, “The book that he is reading is very interesting,” the relative clause is, “that he is reading,” and the main sentence is: “The book is very interesting.” The meaning of a relative clause is to modify the item in the main sentence to which the entire relative clause refers – in this case, “book.”
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A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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