A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a
A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a
A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a
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Offl<strong>in</strong>e Textbook | A <strong>Foundation</strong> <strong>Course</strong> <strong>in</strong> Read<strong>in</strong>g <strong>German</strong><br />
https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/read<strong>in</strong>ggerman/pr<strong>in</strong>t-entire-textbook/<br />
Page 4 of 151<br />
12/8/2017<br />
Musik, Literatur, Masch<strong>in</strong>e, Kaffee, Tee, Bier, Traktion<br />
These words have the same mean<strong>in</strong>g as their English cognates, and <strong>in</strong>deed<br />
there are historical relationships between them, but over time they have<br />
become spelled and pronounced slightly differently <strong>in</strong> the two languages.<br />
Then there are cognates which have undergone considerable sound changes<br />
but the mean<strong>in</strong>g of which can often be guessed correctly:<br />
Pfeffer, Apfel, helfen, Wasser, tanzen, tr<strong>in</strong>ken, Bett, machen, and<br />
Ralleystreifen!<br />
<strong>German</strong> also builds words from roots or stems of common words just as we do<br />
<strong>in</strong> English to a lesser extent. For example, <strong>in</strong> English, these two series of words<br />
all share the same roots:<br />
b<strong>in</strong>d, bound, b<strong>in</strong>der, b<strong>in</strong>dery, band, b<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g<br />
flow, <strong>in</strong>fluence, confluence, fluent, flow<strong>in</strong>g, float<br />
<strong>German</strong> has similar examples but you will f<strong>in</strong>d many more examples of this<br />
way of word build<strong>in</strong>g as you learn more about the language. Let’s use the<br />
<strong>German</strong> equivalents of the above:<br />
b<strong>in</strong>den, gebunden, B<strong>in</strong>der, B<strong>in</strong>derei, Band, B<strong>in</strong>dung<br />
fließen, E<strong>in</strong>fluß, Zusammenfluß, fließend (for both fluent and flow<strong>in</strong>g),<br />
Floß and we can add: Flüssigkeit (the liquid) or flüssig (liquid) and<br />
bee<strong>in</strong>flüssen (to <strong>in</strong>fluence)!<br />
<strong>German</strong> also uses many compound nouns, more than English does. You will<br />
f<strong>in</strong>d that there is a logic to this compound<strong>in</strong>g, even though some of the long<br />
words <strong>in</strong> <strong>German</strong> often cause consternation. Examples:<br />
Unterseeboot = submar<strong>in</strong>e (undersea boat)<br />
Arbeitsmethode = work method<br />
Jahreszeit<br />
= season (year’s time)<br />
Vorderradantrieb = front wheel drive