A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 15 of 151 12/8/2017 Was weiß ich? What do I know? Unit: 1: Basics 11. Common Abbreviations For reading German, it is useful to remember the following common abbreviations: z.B. = zum Beispiel (for example); usw. or usf. = und so weiter and und so fort (et cetera); d.h. = das heißt (in other words / that means); bzw. = beziehungsweise (respectively / that is to say). Now that you have studied two of the noun cases (nominative and accusative), noun plurals, the present and past tenses of sein and haben, and German word order, you are ready to apply these skills by translating simple sentences. A good practice opportunity is to play the Unit 1 Syntax Untangler activity at this point. (Link opens in new window.) Unit: 2: Cases, present tense 1. Objectives In this unit, in the context of simple sentences that involve all four German cases, you will learn how to: Identify the case, number and gender of nouns, pronouns, definite articles, indefinite articles, and question words. Identify and translate genitive-case noun chains. Identify and translate dative-case objects. Use present-tense verb forms to identify whether the corresponding subject must be first, second, or third person, and singular or plural. Translate sentences that use es gibt or man. Translate nouns that are formed from adjectives. Unit: 2: Cases, present tense
Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 16 of 151 12/8/2017 2. Genitive and Dative Cases Whereas English has only tiny traces of three noun cases (nominative, objective, and possessive – link opens in new window), German is thoroughly dependent on four noun cases. Beyond nominative and accusative, which were covered in Unit 1, we now add the genitive and dative cases. Genitive Genitive case signals a relationship of possession or “belonging to.” An example translation of this case into English might be from das Buch des Mannes to “the man’s book” or “the book of the man.” In English, possession is usually shown by either an ending (apostrophe + s) or with the preposition “of.” In German, the genitive case is primarily recognized from article forms and sometimes from noun endings. MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER DEFINITE das Buch des Mannes das Buch der Frau das Buch des ARTICLE (the man’s book) (the woman’s book) Mädchens (the girl’s book) INDEFINITE das Buch eines das Buch einer das Buch eines ARTICLE Mannes (a man’s book) Frau (a woman’s book) Mädchens (a girl’s book) PLURAL DEFINITE die Bücher der Frauen ARTICLE (the women’s books) INDEFINITE die Bücher keiner ARTICLE Frauen (no women’s books) Note: 1. The noun in the genitive case follows the noun which it modifies. 2. des and eines are useful forms to remember because they are completely unique to the singular genitive case and are thus helpful as starting points to figure out the grammatical structure of a sentence. 3. Masculine and neuter nouns change forms in the genitive case (when singular). The noun endings –s or –es are added (-s for polysyllabic nouns, –es for monosyllabic).
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A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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