A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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12/8/2017
Sie sagen nichts. Alle Fragen werden vom Direktor beantwortet.
You will say nothing. The director shall answer all questions.
Review the other usages of werden covered in Unit 8 and then practice identifying
what role werden is playing whenever you encounter it.
Unit: 9: Passive voice
3. Demonstrative Pronouns
The relative pronouns listed in the chart in Unit 8 may also be used as
demonstrative pronouns, which are generally translated as “that one,” “the one,” or
“those.” The most common uses of demonstrative pronouns which are of
significance for reading and understanding written German are as follows:
1. Introducing a relative clause:
Diese Werkzeuge sind die, die wir in Deutschland kauften.
These tools are the ones (those) which we bought in Germany.
Here a demonstrative pronoun (in bold) acts as the antecedent of a relative
clause, which begins after the comma. Note that the demonstrative pronoun
does not change word order. The demonstrative pronoun here acts as a link
between the relative clause and the subject Diese Werkzeuge, allowing the
entire relative clause to modify Diese Werkzeuge, without having to appear
awkwardly immediately after the word Werkzeuge.
Another example of this usage:
Der Kuchen auf dem Tisch ist der, den ich gebacken habe.
The cake on the table is the one I baked.
2. As a reference back to a preceding noun, without requiring a relative clause:
Ich finde die Regeln deutscher Schulen und die der amerikanischen
Schulen ganz anders.
I find the rules of German schools and those of the American schools quite
different.
Here the demonstrative pronoun (in bold) refers back to “die Regeln,” allowing
a genitive relationship, die Regeln der amerikanischen Schulen to be expressed