A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 39 of 151 12/8/2017 MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER PLURAL NOMINATIVE roter Wein frische Milch kaltes Bier rote Weine ACCUSATIVE roten Wein frische Milch kaltes Bier rote Weine DATIVE rotem Wein frischer Milch kaltem Bier roten Weinen GENITIVE roten Weines frischer Milch kalten Bieres roter Weine Compare this to the der– word chart in Unit 2 and you will notice only one difference; the genitive singular (masculine and neuter) ends in –en rather than -es. Otherwise the endings are the same. In other words, you will be able to apply that same skill from Unit 2 to this kind of noun phrase, so that you can use the above adjective endings to help you identify the case, number, and gender of the noun being modified. Noun Phrases with an Article When articles (der– and ein– words) begin the noun phrase, than any adjectives modifying a noun show a different pattern of endings than above. It is not necessary to memorize these declensions in order to read and comprehend German. Remember that it is the article that begins the noun phrase that best helps you identify the role the noun is playing in a sentence. Nevertheless, it is often useful to recognize that some ending has been added: 1. To help you distinguish adjectives from other kinds of modifiers within the noun phrase which, naturally, do not appear with “adjective endings.” We’ll return to this in the next section. 2. To give you confidence when looking up adjectives in the dictionary, knowing what letters at the end will not be included in the dictionary listing. 3. In the case of some ein– word phrases, the endings immediately give you more information about the noun than the ein– word does alone. So, here are the adjective endings when an article is present: N. MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER PLURAL
Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 40 of 151 12/8/2017 MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER PLURAL der alte Mann die alte Frau das junge Mädchen die alten Frauen ein alter Mann eine alte Frau ein junges Mädchen keine alten Frauen A. den alten Mann die alte Frau das junge Mädchen die alten Frauen einen alten eine alte Frau ein junges Mädchen keine alten Mann Frauen D. dem alten Mann der alten Frau dem jungen den alten Frauen einem alten einer alten Mädchen keinen alten Mann Frau einem jungen Frauen Mädchen G. des alten der alten Frau des jungen der alten Frauen Mannes einer alten Mädchens keiner alten eines alten Frau eines jungen Frauen Mannes Mädchens Points to remember: 1. The first word in the noun phrase indicates in most instances the role the noun plays in the sentence, i.e., its case and its number. 2. No ending on an ein– word is unique to singular nominative and singular accusative. 3. The ending –em is unique to dative singular. 4. die or an ein– word ending in –e (e.g. keine) followed by an adjective which ends in -en is always plural. 5. Note the significance of adjective endings on number words. See the end of Reference section 1. Unit: 4: Verbs with prefixes; adjective endings 5. Recognizing Adverbs vs. Adjectives Any German adverb/adjective, for example gut, appears identically whether used as an adjective (meaning "good") or as an adverb (meaning “well” or "in a good way"). Often you have to decide from context how the German word is functioning—unless it is an adjective modifying a noun. That case is simpler: as you learned above, it then must have the appropriate adjective ending. This is crucial for you to learn
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A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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