A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 31 of 151 12/8/2017 German verbs do carry person/number suffixes: They are simply appended to the past-tense suffix. Compare the person/number suffixes you already learned in Unit 2 on p. 12, and note the similarities between those present-tense endings and these past-tense endings. Thus, using spielen (to play) and warten (to wait) as our examples: PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL 1ST ich spielte (I played) wir spielten 2ND du spieltest ihr spieltet 3RD er/sie/es spielte sie/Sie spielten PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL 1ST ich wartete wir warteten 2ND du wartetest ihr wartetet 3RD er/sie/es wartete sie/Sie warteten NOTES 1. The third person singular past tense is the same as the first person singular. 2. Watch out for potential confusion between present-tense and past-tense forms of regular verbs. Consider: Wartest du? (Are you waiting?) Wartetest du? (Did you wait?) Let’s examine wartetest: First you can recognize the ending –est as the person/number marker, since it matches the subject du. That leaves you with a stem of wartet-. Your dictionary will tell you that there is no such infinitiveform verb as warteten, and there is such a word as warten, so therefore the root of this word must be wart-, and the –et– suffix must be a past-tense marker. Irregular Verbs These verbs form their simple past tense by undergoing a vowel change just as “swim” and “give” do in English (swam, gave). The changes are always indicated in the list of irregular verbs in your dictionary. With a few exceptions, these verbs all share the same pattern of endings. Let us use schwimmen (to swim) as our typical example:
Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 32 of 151 12/8/2017 PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL 1ST ich schwamm wir schwammen 2ND du schwammst ihr schwammt 3RD er/sie/es schwamm sie/Sie schwammen Note: Both the first and third person singular past tense forms of irregular verbs have no endings. Exceptions to the Rule There are a few common verbs in German that do not follow the general rule in the formation of their simple past forms. These are listed in the list of irregular verbs, because they have a change of vowel in the past tenses. Some common examples are: INFINITIVE PAST TENSE 3RD PERSON SINGULAR brennen (to burn) brannte bringen (to bring) brachte denken (to think) dachte senden (to send) sandte wenden (to turn wandte wissen (to know a fact) wußte kennen (to know a person/object kannte Finally, note that “simple past” is called “preterite” in some grammar reference works. Unit: 3: Articles, simple past 5. Verbal Prefixes and Compound Nouns WORD FORMATION These sections of the textbook help improve your speed during the skimming phase of reading and gradually build vocabulary.
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A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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