A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 9 of 151 12/8/2017 Note: The definite article in the plural (nominative case) is die, regardless of the gender of the noun. Unit: 1: Basics 5. The Verbs Haben and Sein The verbs sein (to be) and haben (to have) are two of the most common verbs in German and therefore you must memorize their forms. Sein and haben are the infinitive forms of the verbs. "Infinitive forms" are important to know since dictionaries list verbs in that form. Present Tense Forms The verb sein is highly irregular in its forms, just as is its English counterpart “to be.” In the present tense it is conjugated as follows: SINGULAR ich bin (I am) du bist (you are) er ist (he is) sie ist (she is) es ist (it is) PLURAL wir sind (we are) ihr seid (you are) sie sind (they are) Sie sind (you are) NOTE: a. du and ihr are the informal pronouns for “you” and are used only with family and friends. Sie (always capitalized) is the formal “you” and is used for both the singular and plural meanings of formal “you.” Be sure to clarify in your translation that you understood which “you” meaning was conveyed in the German original in terms of both number and social level. b. Unlike English, which always uses the pronoun “it” for objects that are not equivalent to people, in German the third person singular pronouns, er, sie and es, are also used to refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns. For example: der Tisch (table) would be referred to as er, or die Wand (wall) as sie. c. It is helpful to remember that ist is always singular. And sind is always plural, although remember that the pronoun Sie can refer to one or more people. These rules let you quickly identify whether the subject of the sentence is singular or plural, simply by looking at the verb conjugation.
Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 10 of 151 12/8/2017 In the present tense, the verb haben is conjugated as follows: SINGULAR ich habe (I have) du hast (you have) er hat (he has) sie hat (she has) es hat (it has) PLURAL wir haben (we have) ihr habt (you have) sie haben (they have) Sie haben (you have) Note: Verb forms ending in –en are always plural (although Sie sometimes refers to a single person). This applies for all verbs except sein, so it is useful to memorize this right away. Simple Past Forms sein (to be) SINGULAR ich war (was) du warst er war sie war es war PLURAL wir waren (were) ihr wart sie waren Sie waren haben (to have) SINGULAR ich hatte (had) du hattest er hatte sie hatte es hatte PLURAL wir hatten ihr hattet sie hatten Sie hatten Unit: 1: Basics 6. Understanding Present Tense Translating the German present tense is not always straightforward, because in English we express present tense in a variety of subtly different ways. Let’s take the
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A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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