A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 35 of 151 12/8/2017 GERMAN ENGLISH 2 Billionen 2 trillion See the Reference section for more information about numbers in German. Unit: 4: Verbs with prefixes; adjective endings 1. Objectives In this unit you will learn how to: Identify when a separable-prefix verb is being used, and translate it. Decide whether a verb in use is a separable-prefix or an inseparable-prefix verb. Use adjective endings to identify the case, gender, and number of noun phrases. Distinguish adverbs from adjectives within a noun phrase. Identify and translate adjectives and verbs being used as nouns. Identify and translate place names being used as adjectives. Unit: 4: Verbs with prefixes; adjective endings 2. Verbs with Inseparable Prefixes Some verbs appear both with and without prefixes, and the meanings of the verb change quite considerably with the prefix. The inseparable prefixes are: be-, ent-, emp-, er-, ge–, miß-, ver-, and zer-. Examples of some verbs in this category are: WITH PREFIX WITHOUT PREFIX begehen (to commit) gehen (to go) empfangen (to receive fangen (to catch) enthalten (to contain) halten (to hold) erhalten (to receive) halten (to hold) gefallen (to please) fallen (to fall)
Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 36 of 151 12/8/2017 WITH PREFIX WITHOUT PREFIX mißverstehen (to misunderstand) stehen (to stand) verstehen (to understand) stehen (to stand) zerfallen (to fall to pieces) fallen (to fall) Note how the prefix has changed the meaning. Only in the case of miß– and zer– can we always attach a meaning to the inseparable prefix, i.e., “mis-“ and “to pieces” respectively. Quite often however the addition of ent– to a verb lends the meaning “away from,” e.g. entnehmen = to take away, remove; entkleiden = to remove clothes, undress. And often the addition of a be– turns an intransitive verb transitive, e.g., bewohnen = to inhabit (something). As mentioned at the end of Unit 3, the conjugations of verbs with inseparable prefixes simply follow the same forms as the root verb. For example, verstehen (to understand), bestehen (to exist; to insist), gestehen (to confess), and entstehen (to be created, to develop, to form) all share the same endings and forms as stehen (to stand): Die Frau versteht die Kinder. The woman understands the children. Die Frauen verstanden die Kinder. The women understood the children. These prefixed verbs are found in dictionaries as separate entries, not under the root verb. Unit: 4: Verbs with prefixes; adjective endings 3. Verbs with Separable Prefixes The number of separable prefixes is far greater than that of inseparable prefixes. Separable prefix verbs, as the name implies, separate into two parts when used in any way other than in their infinitive form. Let us consider two examples: aufgehen (to rise, go up) and untergehen (to descend, go down): Die Sonne geht um sechs Uhr auf. The sun rises at 6 o’clock.
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A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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