A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 89 of 151 12/8/2017 Unit: 10: Modal verbs 1. Objectives In this unit you will learn how to: Identify and translate modal verbs, in any tense, and in a variety of their usages. Identify and translate sentences in which a subordinate clause is acting as the subject. Unit: 10: Modal verbs 2. Modal Verbs The modal verbs are those verbs which express a mood, such as “like to” or “want to.” The German modal verbs and their basic meanings are: dürfen können müssen mögen sollen wollen to be allowed to (in the sense of permission) to be able to (in the sense of ability) to have to to like to to be supposed to to want to Present Tense The modal verbs are irregular in the present tense singular but act like any other verb in the plural. Thus, for example, dürfen conjugates as: PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL 1ST ich darf wir dürfen 2ND du darfst ihr dürft 3RD er/sie/es darf sie/Sie dürfen
Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 90 of 151 12/8/2017 Similarly, the other modal verbs also change their stem in the singular conjugations (except for sollen). In the list below, you will also note that all modal verbs also have no verb ending in the first and third person singular present-tense forms (ich / er / sie / es). As you may recall from Unit 2, wissen is the only non-modal verb that shares this pattern. The following list demonstrates the irregular singular root of each modal verb and also provides typical translations of each verb: INFINITIVE EXAMPLE TYPICAL TRANSLATIONS dürfen er darf he is allowed to / he may / he can können er kann he is able to / he can müssen er muß he has to / he must / he is required to mögen er mag he likes to / he enjoys sollen er soll he is supposed to / he should wollen er will he wants to Example sentences: Amerikaner unter 21 Jahren dürfen keine alkoholischen Getränke kaufen. Americans unter 21 years may not buy alcoholic drinks. Wer kann mir helfen? Who can help me? Der Student muß fleißig lernen. The student has to study hard. Meine Töchter mögen nicht laute Musik hören. My daughters don’t like to listen to loud music. Was soll man mit diesem Gerät tun können? What is one supposed to be able to do with this device? Mein Sohn will ins Kino gehen. My son wants to go to the cinema.
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A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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