A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 71 of 151 12/8/2017 Present participles are easily recognized by the addition of a –d to the infinitive form of the verb. Thus schwimmend = swimming, laufend = running, etc. German uses present participles primarily as adjectives and adverbs, not as verbs. Remember that English present tense, “he is running,” “she is swimming” etc., is expressed in German with the present tense: er läuft, sie schwimmt. Examples of present participles as adjectives and adverbs: Adjectives: das spielende Kind the playing child [or, more naturally in English:] the child who is playing der singende Vogel the singing bird Adverbs: Das Spiel ging enttäuschend aus. The game ended disappointingly. Der Hund stand bellend am Fenster. The dog stood at the window barking. Unit: 7: Perfect tenses and participles 6. Translating Participial Adjectives and Adverbs As demonstrated previously, adjectives can be used as adverbs in German (Unit 4, Unit 6). When participial adjectives or adverbs are involved, it is common to see an adverb modifying an adjective, which can extend the complexity within a noun phrase. das schnell steigende Flugzeug the rapidly climbing airplane das siedend heiße Wasser the boiling-hot water
Offline Textbook | A Foundation Course in Reading German https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/print-entire-textbook/ Page 72 of 151 12/8/2017 ein hart gekochtes Ei the hard-boiled egg die gestern gekochten Eier the eggs boiled yesterday mein brauner, schon gepackter Koffer my brown suitcase, already packed These complex noun phrases are a good opportunity to see the value in first marking off where each noun phrase begins and ends before attempting to translate a long sentence. It simplifies your task to know that everything inside a noun phrase can only be modifying the noun, not anything outside of the noun phrase. Remember that you can easily see which are adverbs and which are adjectives by simply noting which have adjective endings and which do not. Unit: 7: Perfect tenses and participles 7. Participial Phrases Both present and past participles are used in participial phrases. Example using a present participle: Im Garten spielend, sang das Kind. Playing in the garden, the child sang. Example using a past participle: Immer an die Musik interessiert, ging der Student oft in die Oper. Always interested in music, the student went to the opera often. Note that the participle is functioning (and is located in final position) as if it were the main verb in a subordinate clause. Here’s how you could diagram the syntax of the above participial phrases: Verb: spielend Predicate (a prepositional phrase): im Garten
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A Foundation Course in Reading German, 2017a

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