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234 Notes $5 million, even if the companies are growing nicely. www.nytimes .com/2011/01/09/weekinreview/09powell.html. 24. Don Lee, “U.S. Jobs Continue to Flow Overseas,” Los Angeles Times, Oct. 6, 2010. articles.latimes.com/2010/oct/06/business/ la- fi- jobs- offshoring-20101006. 25. Donna Smith, “Study Says Most Corporations Pay No U.S. Income Taxes,” Reuters, Aug. 12, 2008. www.reuters.com/article/2008/08/ 12/ us- usa- taxes- corporations-idUSN1249465620080812. 26. David Kocieniewski, “G.E.’s Strategies Let it Avoid Taxes Altogether,” New York Times, March 24, 2011. www.nytimes.com/2011/03/25/business/economy/25tax.html?_r=1&src=me&ref=homepage. 27. Jesse Drucker, “Google 2.4% Tax Rate Shows How $60 Billion Lost to Tax Loopholes,” Bloomberg, Oct. 21, 2010. www.bloomberg.com/ news/2010-10-21/google-2-4- rate- shows-how-60- billion- u- s- revenuelost- to- tax- loopholes.html. 28. Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer, “The Big Idea: Creating Shared Value,” Harvard Business Review, Jan. 2011. http://hbr.org/ 2011/01/ the- big- idea- creating-shared-value/ar/1. 29. www.gallup.com/poll/141578/ Americans- Three- Times- Confident- Small- Big-Business.aspx. 30. Alice Gomstyn, “Walmart CEO Pay: More in an Hour Than Workers Get All Year?” ABC News, July 2, 2010. abcnews.go.com/Business/ walmart- ceo- pay- hour-workers-year/story?id=11067470. 31. Frank Rich, “Who Will Stand Up to the Superrich?” New York Times, Nov. 14, 2010. Citing data from Winner- Take- All- Politics by Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson. www.nytimes.com/2010/11/14/opinion/ 14rich.html. 32. Nicholas D. Kristof, “A Hedge Fund Republic,” New York Times, Nov. 18, 2010. www.nytimes.com/2010/11/18/opinion/18kristof.html. 33. James P. Miller, “Rural Towns Feel Chill of Shutdowns—Maytag’s Exit in Galesburg Shows Globalization’s Ills,” Chicago Tribune, Sept. 1, 2003. 34. “Maytag in Illinois, Iowa, and Michigan,” Good Jobs First, May 25, 2006 www.goodjobsfirst.org/news/article.cfm?id=120. 35. Charles Piller, Edmund Sanders, and Robyn Dixon, “Dark Cloud over Good Works of Gates Foundation,” Los Angeles Times, Jan. 7, 2007. www.latimes.com/news/ la- na-gatesx07jan07,0,2533850.story. Chapter 5 1. “Dudley Davis,” Vermont Business, Dec. 2004, www.vermontbiz. com/article/december/ editorials- bellows- falls- and- dudley- davis. 2. Gary S. Corner, “The Changing Landscape of Community Banking,” Central Banker, Fall 2010. www.stlouisfed.org/publications/cb/articles/ ?id=1997.
Notes 235 3. Gary S. Corner and Rajeev R. Bhaskar, “The Demographics of Decline in Small- Business Lending,” Central Banker, Spring 2010. www.stlouisfed.org/publications/cb/articles/?id=1933. 4. Oral statement of Thomas M. Hoenig, president, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, before the House Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Overland Park, Kan., Aug. 32, 2010. www.kansascityfed.org/speechbio/hoenigpdf/ hearing- testimony-8-23-10.pdf. 5. Credit Union National Association. 6. Hoening, oral statement. 7. www.newrules.org/banking/news/ too- big- are- now- even- bigger. 8. Stacy Mitchell, Bank and Small Business Lending, Huffington Post, Feb. 10, 2010. 9. “Quick Facts on Overdraft Loans,” Center for Responsible Lending, April 9, 2009, www.responsiblelending.org/overdraft-loans/researchanalysis/ quick- facts- on- overdraft-loans.html. 10. Julianne Pepitone, “Bank Overdraft Fees to Total $38.5 Billion,” CNNMoney.com, Aug. 10, 2009. money.cnn.com/2009/08/10/news/ companies/bank_overdraft_fees_Moebs/index.htm. 11. Jeremy Hobson, “Are Savings Accounts Worth It Anymore?” American Public Media, Aug. 26, 2010. marketplace.publicradio .org/display/ web/2010/08/26/ pm- are- savings- accounts- worth- it-anymore/. 12. “November Oversight Report, Examining the Consequence of Mortgage Irregularities for Financial Stability and Foreclosure Mitigation,” Congressional Oversight Panel, Nov. 16, 2010. cop.senate.gov/reports/library/report-111610-cop.cfm; Also see Gretchen Morgenson, “Opening the Bag of Mortgage Tricks,” New York Times, Dec. 18, 2010. www.nytimes.com/2010/12/19/business/19gret.html. 13. sonomacounty.golocal.coop/stories/why_bank_local/95/. 14. Rob Cox and Fiona Maharg Bravo, “Large Banks Still Have Financing Advantage,” New York Times, Nov. 23, 2010. www.nytimes.com/ 2010/11/24/business/24views.html. 15. “Two Steps Forward: After the Credit Card Act, Credit Cards Are Safer—But Challenges Remain,” Pew Health Group, July 2010. www .pewtrusts.org/our_work_report_detail.aspx?id=60075. 16. Stacy Mitchell, “Big Banks Want you Back,” Huffington Post, March 11, 2010. www.huffingtonpost.com/stacy-mitchell/ big- banks- wantyou-back_b_494908.html. 17. David Hilzenrath, “2010 Worst Year for Bank Failures Since 1992,” Washington Post, Dec. 28, 2010. www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/ content/article/2010/12/28/AR2010122803649.html. 18. Eric Dash, “F.D.I.C. Says Many Small Lenders Are Still at Risk,” New York Times, Nov. 23, 2010. www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/ business/24fdic.html.
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Locavesting THE REVOLUTION IN LOCAL
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For my Mother
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vi Contents Chapter 7 A Model to LI
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viii Preface The moment was ripe wi
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x Preface Cooperatives—businesses
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xii Preface Chapters 7 through 13 e
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Introduction Cereal Milk for the Go
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iconic glass bottles are also sold
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Introduction xix funds from the pub
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1 C H A P T E R Motherhood, Apple P
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Motherhood, Apple Pie, and Politica
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20 Locavesting freewheeling markets
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22 Locavesting A fl urry of legisla
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24 Locavesting put up a sign at a f
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26 Locavesting of the late 1980s) h
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28 Locavesting three of those banks
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30 Locavesting A Return to Value As
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32 Locavesting produced in their re
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34 Locavesting pickles to gin and k
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36 Locavesting is a hot marketplace
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38 Locavesting recognition that the
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40 Locavesting A Grassroots Movemen
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42 Locavesting to dodge their fair
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44 Locavesting Americans know most
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46 Locavesting It’s a powerful qu
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48 Locavesting three employees but
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50 Locavesting to keep in our lives
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52 Locavesting and they can draw on
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54 Locavesting Since 2006, Walmart
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56 Locavesting and political organi
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58 Locavesting havens. Google, the
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60 Locavesting Some of the measures
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II P A R T Experiments in Citizen F
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66 Locavesting As an editorial in V
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68 Locavesting The community bank b
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70 Locavesting their homes to forec
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72 Locavesting And you don’t have
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74 Locavesting As depositors, we’
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76 Locavesting The Washington Inves
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78 Locavesting The Bottom Line: A n
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80 Locavesting her daughter was enr
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82 Locavesting whom traditional fi
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84 Locavesting Taking the Middle Pa
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86 Locavesting Angel investors poli
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88 Locavesting quickly write off no
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90 Locavesting of $1,000. The notes
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92 Locavesting funds that absorb an
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94 Locavesting • Many CDFIs do no
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96 Locavesting In a twist of fate,
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98 Locavesting private electric com
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100 Locavesting “The numbers were
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102 Locavesting offering. “In a c
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8 C H A P T E R Community Capital I
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Community Capital 107 For all the j
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Community Capital 109 So it is espe
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Community Capital 111 what she did
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Community Capital 113 three young e
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Community Capital 115 triples every
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Community Capital 117 investment is
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Community Capital 119 Farmers Diner
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Community Capital 121 That’s wher
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Game Plan for Locavestors Community
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9 C H A P T E R Pennies from Many W
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Crowdfunding Pennies from Many 127
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Pennies from Many 129 a 27- year- o
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Pennies from Many 131 It’s a win-
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Pennies from Many 133 the company w
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Pennies from Many 135 there’s a g
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Pennies from Many 137 loans. 9 With
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Pennies from Many 139 UK regulators
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Pennies from Many 141 to make the m
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Pennies from Many 143 business—co
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Pennies from Many 145 “Crowdfundi
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10 C H A P T E R Slow Money Finance
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Slow Money 149 like the nearly 8,00
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Slow Money 151 Slow Money, however,
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Slow Money 153 terms that are destr
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Slow Money 155 that overrode that i
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Slow Money 157 Zentay put together
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11 C H A P T E R From Brown Rice to
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 161 rep
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 163 Mem
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 165 $75
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 167 Wes
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 169 Inv
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 171 One
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 173 tha
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 175 are
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 177 rai
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Game Plan for Locavestors From Brow
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12 C H A P T E R The Do- It- Yourse
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Page 219: • • The Do- It- Yourself Public
Page 222 and 223: 200 Locavesting The exchanges were
Page 224 and 225: 202 Locavesting time, they became m
Page 226 and 227: 204 Locavesting Scott Gehsmann, cap
Page 228 and 229: 206 Locavesting public, while ventu
Page 230 and 231: 208 Locavesting at least $490,000 t
Page 232 and 233: 210 Locavesting been there, he says
Page 234 and 235: 212 Locavesting Schmid would love t
Page 236 and 237: 214 Locavesting their money in some
Page 238 and 239: 216 Locavesting are looking to crea
Page 240 and 241: 218 Locavesting Van Patten, a triat
Page 242 and 243: 220 Locavesting Game Plan for Locav
Page 244 and 245: 222 Conclusion small investments. T
Page 246 and 247: 224 Conclusion investors. “Normal
Page 249 and 250: Unless otherwise noted, all quotes
Page 251 and 252: 25. John K. Paglia, “2011 Economi
Page 253 and 254: 16. Binyamin Appelbaum, “Investor
Page 255: Notes 233 9. Sima J. Gandhi, “Eli
Page 259 and 260: 2. online.wsj.com/article/SB1200623
Page 261 and 262: 4. Steven Deller, Ann Hoyt, Brent H
Page 263: Notes 241 11. Ibid. 12. NYSE Eurone
Page 266 and 267: 244 Acknowledgments Dan Keeler, and
Page 268 and 269: 246 Index CDFI. See Community Devel
Page 270 and 271: 248 Index H Hamilton, John, 84-86 H
Page 272 and 273: 250 Index Newman, Paul, 150 Niman R
Page 274: 252 Index taxes, on Internet sales,
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