3c hapter - Index of

Notes 241
11. Ibid.
12. NYSE Euronext, see www.nyse.com/about/history/1022221392987
.html.
13. “Duration of Stock Holding Periods Continue to Fall Globally,”
http://topforeignstocks.com/2010/09/06/ duration- of- stockholding-
period- continues- to- fall-globally/; Julie Creswell, “Speedy
New Traders Make Waves Far From Wall St.,” New York Times, May 16,
2010. www.nytimes.com/2010/05/17/business/17trade.html.
14. Graham Bowley, “Lone $4.1 Billion Sale Led to ‘Flash Crash’ in
May,” New York Times, Oct. 1, 2010. www.nytimes.com/2010/10/02/
business/02flash.html.
15. Jesse Westbrook, “ High- Frequency Traders Lobby, Donate to
Head Off U.S. Rules,” Bloomberg, Nov. 9, 2010. www.bloomberg.
com/news/2010-11-09/ high- frequency- firms- accelerate- lobbyingdonations-
to- head- off- u- s- rules.html.
16. Graham Bowley, “The Flash Crash, in Miniature,” New York Times,
Nov. 9, 2010. www.nytimes.com/2010/11/09/business/09flash.html.
17. Graham Bowley, “In Striking Shift, Investors Flee Stock Market,”
New York Times, Aug. 22, 2010. www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/
business/22invest.html.
18. Jonathan Spicer, “Globally, the Flash Crash Is No Flash in the Pan,”
Thomson Reuters, Oct. 2010. www.reuters.com/article/2010/10/
15/ us- flashcrash-europe-idUSTRE69E1Q520101015.
19. As quoted in “Local Stock Exchange Plan Gains Momentum,” The
Diplomat, Franklin & Marshall College, Aug. 27, 2009.
20. Andy McFarlane, “Local Stock Exchanges to Return?” BBC News,
Oct. 26, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8314840.stm.
21. It is worth noting that only 2,000 of the 9,000 or so publicly listed
companies in the United States have actively traded shares.