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238 Notes 8. Cahal Milmo, “Trade Soars for New Lending Website,” Independent, March 8, 2010. www.independent.co.uk/news/media/online/ tradesoars- for- new- lending- website-1917784.html. 9. www.fundingcircle.com. 10. Thirty- five is the somewhat arbitrary cutoff point for nonaccredited investors in many private offerings; if that threshold is exceeded, higher SEC requirements kick in. 11. www.panix.com/~pspinrad/prospectus/. 12. www.profounder.com/about/. Chapter 10 1. Woody Tasch, Inquiries into the Nature of Slow Money, Chelsea Green Publishing, 2008, p. 18–19. 2. The Greenhorns FAQ, www.thegreenhorns.net. 3. Fred Pearce, “The Nitrogen Fix: Breaking a Costly Addiction,” Yale Environment 360, Nov. 5, 2009. e360.yale.edu/content/feature. msp?id=2207; Robert J. Diaz and Rutger Rosenberg, “Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems,” Science, Aug. 15, 2008. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/321/5891/926. abstract. 4. www.restaurant.org/pressroom/ social- media-releases/release/ ?page=social_media_whats_hot_2011.cfm. 5. Lindsey Lusher Shute, “How the Next Farm Bill Could Plant a New Crop of Farmers,” Grist, Feb. 2, 2011. 6. Melissa Weinman, “Locally Grown Food Could Boost State’s Economy,” Gainesville Times, July 27, 2010. www.gainesvilletimes. com/archives/35847/ 7. Brad Masi, Leslie Schaller, and Michael H. Shuman, “The 25% Shift, The Benefits of Food Localization for Northeast Ohio & How to Realize Them,” Dec. 2010. www.neofoodweb.org/resources/92. Chapter 11 1. Lee Nichols, “From Beer to Infinity,” Austin Chronicle, Jan. 22, 2010. www.austinchronicle.com/food/2010-01-22/940758/. 2. Always the innovator, Benjamin Franklin founded a mutual fire insurance company called the Philadelphia Contributorship in 1752 (almost a century before Rochdale) that still exists. But the Rochdale association pioneered the unique governance structure and ethos of co- ops that continues today. www. coop.ac.uk/our-heritage/ rochdalepioneers-museum/ about- the-museum/ about- the-pioneers/. 3. International Co- operative Alliance, Statistical Information on the Co- operative Movement. See www.ica.coop/coop/statistics.html.
4. Steven Deller, Ann Hoyt, Brent Hueth, and Reka Sundaram- Stukel, “Research on Economic Impact of Cooperatives,” University of Wisconsin Center for Cooperatives, June 19, 2009, http://reic.uwcc .wisc.edu/summary/. 5. Melanie Warner, “ Wal- Mart Eyes Organic Foods,” New York Times, May 12, 2006. www.nytimes.com/2006/05/12/business/12organic. html. 6. The 2010 NCB Co- op Top 100 Report can be found at www.coop100. coop. 7. Joop De Boer, “The Reinvention of the Co- Op,” part of “The Top 10 Trends for 2011,” The Pop- Up City, Jan. 3, 2011. http://popupcity. net/2011/01/top-10- trends- for-2011/. 8. Aaron Smith, “When Workers Take Charge,” CNNMoney.com, Sept. 23, 2009. money.cnn.com/galleries/2009/smallbusiness/0909/gallery.worker_owner_coop.smb/index.html. 9. “Steelworkers Form Collaboration with Mondragon, the World’s Largest Worker- Owned Cooperative,” United Steelworkers Media Center, Oct. 27, 2009. www.usw.org/media_center/releases_advisories? id=0234. 10. Jane Burns, “Willy St. Co- op Members Raise $1 Million for ‘Willy West’ Project,” Wisconsin State Journal, May 13, 2010. 11. www.ontario.coop/cms/documents/212/2008_Quebec_Co -op_Survival_Report_Summary.pdf. Chapter 12 Notes 239 1. For an initial listing on NASDAQ’s Capital Market (formerly called the NASDAQ SmallCap Market), companies must have a minimum market value of $15 million or have net income of at least $750,000 in the latest fiscal year or in two of the last three fiscal years, as well as a minimum of one million publicly held shares. Requirements for its Global Market listings are much higher. Listing fees are a minimum of $50,000. Source: Listing Standards & Fees, July 2010. NASDAQ. The “Big Board” NYSE has even higher hurdles. See www.nyse.com/ regulation/nyse/1147474807344.html. 2. In its more familiar form, Reg D, rule 504 offers an exemption for private placements (to accredited investors) of up to $1 million. But when used with certain state securities laws and the SCOR form, the rule provides a flexible basis for a DPO with no limits on advertising or the types of investors. For a good discussion of Reg D, rule 504, see http://katovichlaw.com/2010/09/29/ the- dual- nature- of-rule-504/. For a fuller explanation of federal securities exemptions for small businesses, see: www.sec.gov/info/smallbus/qasbsec.htm#eod6.
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Locavesting THE REVOLUTION IN LOCAL
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For my Mother
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vi Contents Chapter 7 A Model to LI
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viii Preface The moment was ripe wi
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x Preface Cooperatives—businesses
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xii Preface Chapters 7 through 13 e
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Introduction Cereal Milk for the Go
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iconic glass bottles are also sold
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Introduction xix funds from the pub
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1 C H A P T E R Motherhood, Apple P
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Motherhood, Apple Pie, and Politica
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20 Locavesting freewheeling markets
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22 Locavesting A fl urry of legisla
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24 Locavesting put up a sign at a f
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26 Locavesting of the late 1980s) h
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28 Locavesting three of those banks
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30 Locavesting A Return to Value As
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32 Locavesting produced in their re
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34 Locavesting pickles to gin and k
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36 Locavesting is a hot marketplace
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38 Locavesting recognition that the
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40 Locavesting A Grassroots Movemen
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42 Locavesting to dodge their fair
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44 Locavesting Americans know most
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46 Locavesting It’s a powerful qu
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48 Locavesting three employees but
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50 Locavesting to keep in our lives
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52 Locavesting and they can draw on
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54 Locavesting Since 2006, Walmart
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56 Locavesting and political organi
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58 Locavesting havens. Google, the
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60 Locavesting Some of the measures
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II P A R T Experiments in Citizen F
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66 Locavesting As an editorial in V
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68 Locavesting The community bank b
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70 Locavesting their homes to forec
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72 Locavesting And you don’t have
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74 Locavesting As depositors, we’
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76 Locavesting The Washington Inves
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78 Locavesting The Bottom Line: A n
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80 Locavesting her daughter was enr
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82 Locavesting whom traditional fi
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84 Locavesting Taking the Middle Pa
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86 Locavesting Angel investors poli
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88 Locavesting quickly write off no
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90 Locavesting of $1,000. The notes
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92 Locavesting funds that absorb an
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94 Locavesting • Many CDFIs do no
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96 Locavesting In a twist of fate,
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98 Locavesting private electric com
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100 Locavesting “The numbers were
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102 Locavesting offering. “In a c
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8 C H A P T E R Community Capital I
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Community Capital 107 For all the j
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Community Capital 109 So it is espe
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Community Capital 111 what she did
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Community Capital 113 three young e
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Community Capital 115 triples every
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Community Capital 117 investment is
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Community Capital 119 Farmers Diner
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Community Capital 121 That’s wher
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Game Plan for Locavestors Community
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9 C H A P T E R Pennies from Many W
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Crowdfunding Pennies from Many 127
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Pennies from Many 129 a 27- year- o
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Pennies from Many 131 It’s a win-
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Pennies from Many 133 the company w
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Pennies from Many 135 there’s a g
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Pennies from Many 137 loans. 9 With
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Pennies from Many 139 UK regulators
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Pennies from Many 141 to make the m
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Pennies from Many 143 business—co
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Pennies from Many 145 “Crowdfundi
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10 C H A P T E R Slow Money Finance
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Slow Money 149 like the nearly 8,00
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Slow Money 151 Slow Money, however,
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Slow Money 153 terms that are destr
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Slow Money 155 that overrode that i
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Slow Money 157 Zentay put together
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11 C H A P T E R From Brown Rice to
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 161 rep
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 163 Mem
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 165 $75
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 167 Wes
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 169 Inv
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 171 One
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 173 tha
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 175 are
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From Brown Rice to Biofuels 177 rai
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Game Plan for Locavestors From Brow
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12 C H A P T E R The Do- It- Yourse
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The Do- It- Yourself Public Offerin
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The Do- It- Yourself Public Offerin
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Page 222 and 223: 200 Locavesting The exchanges were
Page 224 and 225: 202 Locavesting time, they became m
Page 226 and 227: 204 Locavesting Scott Gehsmann, cap
Page 228 and 229: 206 Locavesting public, while ventu
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Page 232 and 233: 210 Locavesting been there, he says
Page 234 and 235: 212 Locavesting Schmid would love t
Page 236 and 237: 214 Locavesting their money in some
Page 238 and 239: 216 Locavesting are looking to crea
Page 240 and 241: 218 Locavesting Van Patten, a triat
Page 242 and 243: 220 Locavesting Game Plan for Locav
Page 244 and 245: 222 Conclusion small investments. T
Page 246 and 247: 224 Conclusion investors. “Normal
Page 249 and 250: Unless otherwise noted, all quotes
Page 251 and 252: 25. John K. Paglia, “2011 Economi
Page 253 and 254: 16. Binyamin Appelbaum, “Investor
Page 255 and 256: Notes 233 9. Sima J. Gandhi, “Eli
Page 257 and 258: Notes 235 3. Gary S. Corner and Raj
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Page 263: Notes 241 11. Ibid. 12. NYSE Eurone
Page 266 and 267: 244 Acknowledgments Dan Keeler, and
Page 268 and 269: 246 Index CDFI. See Community Devel
Page 270 and 271: 248 Index H Hamilton, John, 84-86 H
Page 272 and 273: 250 Index Newman, Paul, 150 Niman R
Page 274: 252 Index taxes, on Internet sales,
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