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186 LITERATÛRZINÂTNE, FOLKLORISTIKA, MÂKSLA REFERENCES 1 Daniel Charny quoted in Gotlib N. I. Dos idishe shaferishe vort in lite //Lite, ed. M. Sudarski and U. Katsenelnbogn. – New York, 1951. 2 H. Leyvik, quoted by N. I. Gotlib, ibid. 3 Kaunas, 1938. Printed by Sh. Joselevicaus. Contributors besides those mentioned are Yankev Shteynberg, D. V. Mayerovitsh, Yehoshue Latsman, Dovid Umru, Leye Rudnitski, Leye Grinshteyn, Ada Kohen, Yankev Yosade. 4 By Mayer Yelin, about a boy from an abused family; and Dovid Umru, about a young woman in a tubercular hospital. 5 1911–1945. Born in Kaunas; died of typhus in Turkmenistan. 6 1914–1941. Born in Alita, Lithuania; shot by Germans near Svencion. 7 1907–1944. Born in Kaunas; either shot by Germans or slit his own wrists before being apprehended by Germans. 8 1908 – July 1944. Born in Kavarsk, near Vilkomir (Ukmerge). Burned along with his wife and writings in the liquidation of the Kovne Ghetto. Kopsavilkums Neatkarîgâs Lietuvas laiks starpkaru posmâ bija sareþgîts periods tur dzîvojoðajâm ebreju kopienâm. Ðî çra sâkâs ar ideâlistiskiem priekðstatiem par ebreju kopienas autonomiju, un, entuziasma pâròemti, ebreji darbojâs, lai izveidotu savu Utopiju Lietuvas sabiedrîbas ietvaros, dodot savu ieguldîjumu valsts saimniecîbâ un sabiedriskajâ dzîvç. Savâs kopienâs viòi veidoja laicîgâs un reliìiskâs mâcîbu iestâdes, kultûras biedrîbas, sabiedriskâs un palîdzîbas organizâcijas, izcilus preses izdevumus jidiðâ un ivritâ, kâ arî organizçja sporta pasâkumus. Politiskâ ziòâ nâkamajâs desmitgadçs ebreji no izteiktâ atbalsta lietuviskumam pârgâja pie mçìinâjumiem mainît savu ekonomisko situâciju, atjaunot savu vairâk izolçto autonomiju vai arî vispâr emigrçt no Lietuvas. Ebreji bija ârkârtîgi aktîva minoritâte iekðçjo un starpkopienu pârmaiòu laikâ, jaunajai valstij cînoties ar pârejas perioda grûtîbâm. Lîdz pat neatkarîgâs Lietuvas galam daïa ebreju turpinâja ticçt vçsturnieka Ðimona Dubnova “doikayt” (ðejienîbas”) idejai, kas tiem kâ pilntiesîgiem integrçtâs Lietuvas pilsoòiem ïautu saglabât ebreju tradicionâlo dzîves veidu. Viens no ðîs idejas atbalstîtâjiem bija advokâts Leibs Garfunkls – ebrejs, Lietuvas Seima deputâts, rakstnieks un sabiedriskais darbinieks. Jidiðâ rakstîtâ literatûra nereti atspoguïo ðos daþâdos ideâlus, jo rakstnieki centâs radît izteikti ebrejisku kultûru, vienlaikus pilnîgi apzinoties lietuvisko vidi, kurâ tie dzîvoja. Jauno ebreju rakstnieku vidû, kuri rakstîja par Lietuvu – par tâs dâsnajiem laukiem, vçsturi un daþâdajâm kopâ dzîvojoðajâm tautâm, par tâs centieniem atkopties pçc ilgajiem okupâcijas gadiem un relatîvâs stagnâcijas – ir jâmin trîs brâïi Gotlîbi, Eliezers Heimans, Isroels Kaplans, kâ arî brâïi Maijers un Haims Jelini, kas visi dzîvoja un strâdâja Kauòâ.
Tina Lunson. Lietuva un lietuvieði jidiða literatûrâ starpkaru Lietuvâ 187 Ko nozîmçja îpaðâ uzmanîbas pievçrðana divu pasauïu saplûðanai? Kâ tâ ietekmçja literâros darbus lasoðos ebrejus, un vai tâ ietekmçja blakus dzîvojoðo lietuvieðu vairâkumu? Augðminçto, kâ arî citu autoru atseviðíu darbu jauna interpretâcija izgaismo ebreju literatûras mazâk zinâmo nostûri, atklâjot tâdas jûtas, kuras uz daudziem gadiem ir apslâpçjusi drausmîgâ vçsture.
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LU Akadçmiskais apgâds Baznîcas
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