Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines Fig. 2.18 Inflow from a pipe to a cylinder or plenum. C!=0 (2.17.1) The case of subsonic particle flow will be presented first and that for sonic flow is given in Sec. 2.17.1. In Fig. 2.18 the expanding flow from the throat to the cylinder gives pronounced turbulence within the cylinder. The traditional assumption is that this dissipation of turbulence energy gives no pressure recovery from the throat of the port or valve to the cylinder. This assumption applies only where subsonic flow is maintained at the throat. Pt = Pl (2.17.2) On the other hand, the flow from the pipe to the throat is contracting and can be considered to be isentropic in the same fashion as other contractions debated in Sees. 2.11 and 2.12. This is summarized on the temperature-entropy diagram in Fig. 2.19 where the gain of entropy for the flow rising from pressure pt to cylinder pressure pi is clearly visible. The isentropic nature of the flow from pS2 to pt, a vertical line on Fig. 2.19, can also be observed. The properties and composition of the gas particles are those of the gas at the superposition point in the pipe. The various gas properties for cylinder inflow are defined as: y = y2 R = R2 G5 = G< G7 = G?2 etc. As usual, the analysis of flow in this context uses, where appropriate, the equations of continuity, the First Law of Thermodynamics and the momentum equation. However, the momentum equation is not employed in this particular analysis for subsonic inflow, as the constant pressure assumption used in Eq. 2.17.2 reflects an even higher gain of entropy, i.e., energy dissipation due to turbulence, than would be the case if the momentum equation were 136
1X1 DC DC LU 0_ LU T2 Ti T01 T 02 Chapter 2 • Gas Flow through Two-Stroke Engines ISENTROP C LINE 2 t, ^..^^ yPs2 Pt=Pi l/Po ) / "Tt ENTROPY (a) temperature-entropy characteristics for subsonic Ps2 (b) temperature-entropy characteristics for sonic Fig. 2.19 Temperature-entropy characteristics for cylinder or plenum inflow. to be involved. The constant pressure assumption has been used in this regard before within this text, notably in the section dealing with diffusing flow in tapered pipes (Sec. 2.15.1). The reference state conditions are: density P02 - Pot - -r=r K1 02 n - Po K1 01 acoustic velocity a02 = a0t = ^jyR.T02 a01 = ^JW^oi 137 (2.17.3) (2.17.4)
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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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A Second Mulled Toast When as a stu
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Acknowledgments As explained in the
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Table of Contents Nomenclature xv C
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Table of Contents 2.10.1 Flow at pi
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Table of Contents 3.5.3.1 The use o
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Table of Contents 6.1.3 The effect
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Nomenclature NAME SYMBOL UNIT (SI)
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speed of rotation speed of rotation
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attenuation or transmission loss wa
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Design and Simulation ofTwo-Stroke
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Design and Simulation ofTwo'Stroke
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Chapter 4 Combustion in Two-Stroke
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Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Strok
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a stratilpl o tions to ivior. If m
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CD 30 -, W 20 - LU CO iS _J LU OC 1
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181 also x3 = — = 0.905 x6 = 2.17
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to be cur .3.20) .3.21) .3.22) for
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3.23) com- :on is hhas has a /eng-
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stroke .3.29) mean me to 3land ssio
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a LU z: en 3 CO a LU z EC D m O ho
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CD 1.2 -i 1.0 - di „„ LU 0.8 cc
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CO —> 111" cc LU < LU _J LU CC £
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Combustion in compression-ignition
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stroke ari more often lseful lental
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lat the ssi ;tribu- ELEVATION VIEWS
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CYLINDER HEAD TYPE IS CENTRAL BORE,
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CO E 50 40 - O O _i Hi > I CO 30 Z)
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CURRENT INPUT DATA FOR 2-STROKE 'SP
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Cylin- PP £ Pa- tics of Paper Chap
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vfitro- ;titi >tants 1970. i(In- Ch
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£2 = Pi P2 I Pi J Chapter 4 - Comb
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CHAINSAW AT 9600 rpm. Chapter 4- Co
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LLI •z. O N -z. 0.21 -, 0.20 DC 0
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Chapter 7 Reduction of Fuel Consump
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Chapter 7 • Reduction of Fuel Con
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Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consu
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^ s C£ Q 2^ E Q. Q_ z' o ISSI HCEM
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o > z~ Q w CO UJ w g x O z o z o m
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0.35 • 0.34 LU ° 0.33 - c 03 DC
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§ 2000
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y, ,6 Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel
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Chapter 7- Reduction of Fuel Consum
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INLET FOR r AIR AND FUEL Chapter 7
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o Q_ Ld < CD 15-, 10- Chapter 7 - R
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O 01 III cr cc LU Q. LU h- LU Z o N
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Chapter 8 Reduction of Noise Emissi
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Chapter 8 • Reduction of Noise Em
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Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Emis
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Name F R Chapter 8 • Reduction of
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1 Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Em
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• • / . • Appendix Listing of
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Active radical (AR) combustion and
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initial conditions, assumptions reg
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in two-stroke engine (schematic dia
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exhaust timing control valve, effec
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I Exhaust emissions/exhaust gas ana
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Exhaust systems (continued) untuned
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gas constant/universal gas constant
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in crankcase heat transfer analysis
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Mercury Marine air-assisted fuel in
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I PISTON POSITION (computer program
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Pressure wave reflection (in pipes)
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local acoustic velocity, 60 local M
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Roots blower in turbocharged/superc
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Scavenging (continued) scavenging e
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Simulation, engine See Computer mod
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temperature vs. crankshaft angle (c
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work per thermodynamic (Otto) cycle
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Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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