Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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JZ x" O Z CO J3 20 i 10 - 10 Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions QUB 500 RESEARCH ENGINE AIR-ASSISTED FUEL INJECTION 12 —T - 14 —I - 16 TRAPPED AIR-TO-FUEL RATIO —i 18 Fig. 7.55 Effect of fueling on bsNOx at full load, 3000 rpm. 340 -i 320 - £ 300 Q. CD E 280 - 260 - 240 11 QUB 500 RESEARCH ENGINE AIR-ASSISTED FUEL INJECTION i 13 14 15 —|— 16 TRAPPED AIR-TO-FUEL RATIO i 12 SOA230 SOA215 —i 17 Fig. 7.56 Effect of fueling on bmep at part load, 1600 rpm. The bsNOx characteristics, presented in Fig. 7.55, show that air-assisted injection gives no significant change during operation at rich or lean air-fuel ratios. Note that it peaks at the stoichiometric value. However, a reduction in NOx is noted during stratified charge operation, close to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. This feature may be due to the stratification of the charge and the reduced NOx formation in local combustion zones which are variably rich or lean. The part load (throttle) results, presented in Figs. 7.56-7.59, show similar highly significant improvements in fuel economy and hydrocarbon emissions. The minimum bsfc is reduced from 374 g/kWh to 303 g/kWh, and the minimum bsHC is reduced from 61 g/kWh to 525
Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines JZ 1 CD o" -O CD o in 500 -, 400 - 300 11 QUB 500 RESEARCH ENGINE EFI TRAPPED AIR-TO-FUEL RATIO AIR-ASSISTED FUEL INJECTION Fig. 7.57 Effect of fueling on bsfc at part load, 1600 rpm. 30 60 - 40 - 20 - QUB 500 RESEARCH ENGINE AIR-ASSISTED FUEL INJECTION SOA230 12 13 14 15 16 TRAPPED AIR-TO-FUEL RATIO SOA245 SOA215 SOA215 Fig. 7.58 Effect of fueling on bsHC at part load, 1600 rpm. 1.1 g/kWh. The NOx results in Fig. 7.59 illustrate the inherently very low part load emissions of the two-stroke engine. Air-assisted injection did not significantly change these highly desirable characteristics. At light load with ram-tuned liquid and air-assisted injection The above test series on the QUB500rv engine is extended to include light load operation at 1600 rpm and to make comparisons between air-assisted injection and ram-tuned liquid injection. It is reported more extensively by Carson et al. [7.28]. The ram-tuned system employed is designed and developed for the test program at QUB by Prof. C. Stan of TH Zwickau. 526 17
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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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A Second Mulled Toast When as a stu
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Acknowledgments As explained in the
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Table of Contents Nomenclature xv C
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Table of Contents 2.10.1 Flow at pi
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Table of Contents 3.5.3.1 The use o
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Table of Contents 6.1.3 The effect
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Nomenclature NAME SYMBOL UNIT (SI)
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speed of rotation speed of rotation
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attenuation or transmission loss wa
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Design and Simulation ofTwo-Stroke
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Design and Simulation ofTwo'Stroke
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Chapter 4 Combustion in Two-Stroke
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Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Strok
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a stratilpl o tions to ivior. If m
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CD 30 -, W 20 - LU CO iS _J LU OC 1
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181 also x3 = — = 0.905 x6 = 2.17
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to be cur .3.20) .3.21) .3.22) for
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3.23) com- :on is hhas has a /eng-
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stroke .3.29) mean me to 3land ssio
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a LU z: en 3 CO a LU z EC D m O ho
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CD 1.2 -i 1.0 - di „„ LU 0.8 cc
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CO —> 111" cc LU < LU _J LU CC £
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Combustion in compression-ignition
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stroke ari more often lseful lental
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lat the ssi ;tribu- ELEVATION VIEWS
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CYLINDER HEAD TYPE IS CENTRAL BORE,
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CO E 50 40 - O O _i Hi > I CO 30 Z)
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CURRENT INPUT DATA FOR 2-STROKE 'SP
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Cylin- PP £ Pa- tics of Paper Chap
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vfitro- ;titi >tants 1970. i(In- Ch
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£2 = Pi P2 I Pi J Chapter 4 - Comb
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CHAINSAW AT 9600 rpm. Chapter 4- Co
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LLI •z. O N -z. 0.21 -, 0.20 DC 0
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Chapter 7 Reduction of Fuel Consump
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Chapter 7 • Reduction of Fuel Con
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Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consu
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^ s C£ Q 2^ E Q. Q_ z' o ISSI HCEM
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Page 524 and 525: INLET FOR r AIR AND FUEL Chapter 7
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Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Emis
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H Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Em
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Name F R Chapter 8 • Reduction of
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1 Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Em
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• • / . • Appendix Listing of
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Active radical (AR) combustion and
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initial conditions, assumptions reg
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in two-stroke engine (schematic dia
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exhaust timing control valve, effec
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I Exhaust emissions/exhaust gas ana
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Exhaust systems (continued) untuned
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gas constant/universal gas constant
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in crankcase heat transfer analysis
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Mercury Marine air-assisted fuel in
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I PISTON POSITION (computer program
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Pressure wave reflection (in pipes)
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local acoustic velocity, 60 local M
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Roots blower in turbocharged/superc
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Scavenging (continued) scavenging e
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Simulation, engine See Computer mod
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temperature vs. crankshaft angle (c
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work per thermodynamic (Otto) cycle
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Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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