Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines industry. Many of the design programs which have been developed at QUB over the last twenty-five years have become so complex, or require such detailed input data, that the operator cannot see the design wood for the data trees. In consequence, these simpler, often empirical, programs have been developed to guide me as to the data set before applying a complex unsteady gas-dynamic or computational fluid dynamic analysis package. On many occasions that complex package merely confirms that the empirical program, containing as it does the distilled experience of several generations, was sufficiently correct in the first place. At the same time, as understanding unsteady gas dynamics is the first major step to becoming a competent designer of reciprocating IC engines, the book contains a major section dealing with that subject and you are provided with an engine design program of the complete pressure wave motion form, which is clearly not an empirical analytical package. The majority of the book is devoted to the design of the two-stroke spark-ignition (SI) engine, but there will be remarks passed from time to time regarding the two-stroke diesel or compression-ignition (CI) engine; these remarks will be clearly identified as such. The totality of the book is just as applicable to the design of the diesel as it is to the gasoline engine, for the only real difference is the methodology of the combustion process. I hope that you derive as much use from the analytic packages as do I. I have always been somewhat lazy of mind and so have found the accurate repetitive nature of the computer solution to be a great saviour of mental perspiration. At the same time, and since my schooldays, I have been fascinated with the two-stroke cycle engine and its development and improvement. In those far-off days in the late 1950s, the racing two-stroke motorcycle was a musichall joke, whereas a two-stroke-engined car won the Monte Carlo Rally. Today, there are no two-stroke-engined cars and four-stroke engines are no longer competitive in Grand Prix motorcycle racing! Is tomorrow, or the 21st Century, going to produce yet another volteface? I have also had the inestimable privilege of being around at precisely that point in history when it became possible to unravel the technology of engine design from the unscientific black art which had surrounded it since the time of Otto and Clerk. That unravelling occurred because the digital computer permitted the programming of the fundamental unsteady gasdynamic theory which had been in existence since the time of Rayleigh, Kelvin, Stokes and Taylor. The marriage of these two interests, computers and two-stroke engines, has produced this book and the material within it. For those in this world who are of a like mind, this book should prove to be useful. Postscript The above was the original Foreword, but the changes have been so great that, as explained before, this is a new book. The original book had the computer program listings at the back of it, occupying some 270 pages. This book is already larger without them than the original book was with them! However, the computer programs have been extended in number and are available from SAE on diskette as applications for either the IBM® PC or Macintosh® platforms. VI
The changes to the fundamental chapters on unsteady gas flow, scavenging, combustion and emissions, and noise are very extensive. The new material is synthesized to illustrate engine design by simulation through modeling. These enhanced modeling methods are the product of the last five years of activity. They have been the busiest, and perhaps the most satisfying, years I have known in my career. I find it very hard to come to terms with the irrefutable, namely that I have made more progress in the thermo-fluids design area for reciprocating engines in general, and two-stroke engines in particular, than in the previous twentyfive years put together! I hope that you will agree. vii Gordon P. Blair 14 April 1995
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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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Chapter 4 Combustion in Two-Stroke
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Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Strok
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a stratilpl o tions to ivior. If m
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181 also x3 = — = 0.905 x6 = 2.17
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to be cur .3.20) .3.21) .3.22) for
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3.23) com- :on is hhas has a /eng-
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stroke .3.29) mean me to 3land ssio
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a LU z: en 3 CO a LU z EC D m O ho
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Combustion in compression-ignition
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stroke ari more often lseful lental
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lat the ssi ;tribu- ELEVATION VIEWS
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CYLINDER HEAD TYPE IS CENTRAL BORE,
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CURRENT INPUT DATA FOR 2-STROKE 'SP
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Chapter 7 Reduction of Fuel Consump
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Chapter 7 • Reduction of Fuel Con
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• • / . • Appendix Listing of
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Active radical (AR) combustion and
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initial conditions, assumptions reg
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in two-stroke engine (schematic dia
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in crankcase heat transfer analysis
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Mercury Marine air-assisted fuel in
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I PISTON POSITION (computer program
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Simulation, engine See Computer mod
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temperature vs. crankshaft angle (c
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work per thermodynamic (Otto) cycle
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Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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