Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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CD 30 -, W 20 - LU CO iS _J LU OC 10 X -20 Q 1.0 T LU •z. § 0.8 CO z BURN PERIOD, b s =60 !< > 0 20 CRANKSHAFT ANGLE, deg. Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Stroke Engines MEASURED CALCULATED —i - 60 —i 80 Fig. 4.4 Heat release rate for QUB LS400 at wot at 3000 rpm. Q 0.6 H eg S io g 0.4 - 8 0.2 < 0.0 MEASURED CALCULATED b 2 =60 a=8 m=1.3 —r 60 CRANKSHAFT ANGLE ( 9 from tdc) F/g. 4.5 Mass fraction burned in QUB LS400 engine at wot at 3000 rpm. 295 —i 80
Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines This discussion is a continuation of that commenced in Sec. 1.5.7, and is best illustrated in terms of the experimental data presented already for the QUB LS400 engine. Here, the trapping efficiency was evaluated according to the procedures described in Sec. 1.6.3 and Eq. 1.6.21. The mixture was enriched at the same speed and throttle opening to ensure that the exhaust oxygen level recorded was due to scavenge losses only. A value of 7.7% oxygen was noted at an air-fuel ratio of 10.91 and this translates to a trapping efficiency of 60.2%. As the engine has a bsfc of 435 g/kWh at a bmep of 6.28 bar from an engine of 397.2 cm 3 swept volume running at 50 rev/s, the cyclic consumption of fuel is given from the following sequence of equations, all of which were introduced in Sees. 1.5.7 and 1.6.1: Fuel supplied, kg/s = bsfc x Wb = bsfc x bmep x Vsv x rps ^ , ,. ,, , , Fuel supplied/s , _ Fuel supplied/cycle, kg = = bsfc x bmep x Vsv rps Heat supplied/cycle, J = Cfl x fuel supplied/cycle Heat trapped/cycle, J = TE x heat energy supplied/cycle Heat available/cycle, J = TE x Cfl x bsfc x bmep x Vsv (4.2.15) All of the symbols and notation are as used in Chapter 1. The gasoline fuel used has a lower calorific value, Cfl, of 43 MJ/kg. For the actual example quoted for the QUB LS400 unit, insertion of the experimental data into Eq. 4.2.15 reveals: Heat available in fuel, J = 0.602 x 43 x 10 1000 x 3600 6 x — x 6.28 x 10 5 x 397.2 x 10" 6 = 780.23 The heat released from the fuel as recorded on the heat release diagram for that engine, Fig. 4.4, is the total area under the heat release curve. This is calculated from Fig. 4.4 as 662.6 J. Consequently, the combustion efficiency of this engine at that particular test point is: 6626 = 0.849 780.23 4.3 Heat availability and heat transfer during the closed cycle 4.3.1 Properties of fuels The properties of fuels are required to assess the amount of heat available during combustion. The fuel is supplied to an engine as a liquid which must be vaporized during the compression process in a spark-ignition engine or during combustion in a diesel engine. Ideally, 296
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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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A Second Mulled Toast When as a stu
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Acknowledgments As explained in the
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Table of Contents Nomenclature xv C
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Table of Contents 2.10.1 Flow at pi
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Table of Contents 3.5.3.1 The use o
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Table of Contents 6.1.3 The effect
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Nomenclature NAME SYMBOL UNIT (SI)
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speed of rotation speed of rotation
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attenuation or transmission loss wa
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Design and Simulation ofTwo-Stroke
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Page 266 and 267: Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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Page 302 and 303: Chapter 4 Combustion in Two-Stroke
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Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Strok
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£2 = Pi P2 I Pi J Chapter 4 - Comb
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CHAINSAW AT 9600 rpm. Chapter 4- Co
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LLI •z. O N -z. 0.21 -, 0.20 DC 0
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Chapter 7 Reduction of Fuel Consump
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Chapter 7 • Reduction of Fuel Con
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Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consu
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0.35 • 0.34 LU ° 0.33 - c 03 DC
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§ 2000
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y, ,6 Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel
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Chapter 7- Reduction of Fuel Consum
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Chapter 8 Reduction of Noise Emissi
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Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Emis
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• • / . • Appendix Listing of
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Active radical (AR) combustion and
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initial conditions, assumptions reg
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in two-stroke engine (schematic dia
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exhaust timing control valve, effec
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I Exhaust emissions/exhaust gas ana
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Exhaust systems (continued) untuned
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gas constant/universal gas constant
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in crankcase heat transfer analysis
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Mercury Marine air-assisted fuel in
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I PISTON POSITION (computer program
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local acoustic velocity, 60 local M
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Simulation, engine See Computer mod
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temperature vs. crankshaft angle (c
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work per thermodynamic (Otto) cycle
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Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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