Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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S.S.F.C. , C./SHP-HS Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions 1l/oo JoSo «oV>« 5000 SO 00 ENGINE SPEED. *PM F/g. 7.9 Fuel consumption map for a 200 cc two-stroke engine (from Ref. [7.1]). CARSON MONOXIDE ,K l4"00 ao"oo 30-0 0 4W0 s?bo eo"oo ENGINE SPEED , «PM Fig. 7.10 Carbon monoxide emission map for a 200 cc two-stroke engine (from Ref. [7.1]). All
Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines 1- IO'OO ztfoo lofco JSoo »o'oo Woo INCINE IPfi.e.j_*!M Fig. 7.11 Hydrocarbon map for a 200 cc two-stroke engine (from Ref. [7.1]). four-stroke cycle engines, this level of CO emission would be quite normal or even slightly superior to it. The hydrocarbon emission map, which has units in ppm from a NDIR measurement system, is directly comparable with Figs. 7.4 and 7.7, and exhibits values which are not dissimilar from those recorded for the QUB 400 engine. To be more specific, it would appear that the hydrocarbon emission levels from a simple two-stroke engine will vary from 5000 ppm at full load to 1500 ppm at light load; note that the levels quoted are those recorded by NDIR instrumentation. The recording of unburned hydrocarbons and other exhaust emission levels is discussed earlier in Sec. 1.6.2. As the combustion process is responsible for 300-400 ppm of those hydrocarbon emissions, it is clear that the scavenging process is responsible for the creation of between three and ten times the HC emission level which would be produced by an equivalent four-stroke cycle power unit. In general, the best fuel economy and emissions occur at load levels considerably less than the peak value. This is directly attributable to the trapping characteristic for fresh charge in a homogeneously scavenged engine. The higher the scavenge ratio (whether the particular scavenging process is a good one or a bad one), the greater the load and power, but the lower the trapping efficiency. The experimental data from Sato and Nakayama [7.2] As the QUB 400 and the Batoni data do not contain information on nitrogen oxide emission, it is important that measurements are presented to provide you with the position occupied by the simple two-stroke engine in this regard. Such data have been provided by quite a 478
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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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A Second Mulled Toast When as a stu
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Acknowledgments As explained in the
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Table of Contents Nomenclature xv C
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Table of Contents 2.10.1 Flow at pi
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Table of Contents 3.5.3.1 The use o
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Table of Contents 6.1.3 The effect
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Nomenclature NAME SYMBOL UNIT (SI)
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speed of rotation speed of rotation
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attenuation or transmission loss wa
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Design and Simulation ofTwo-Stroke
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Design and Simulation ofTwo'Stroke
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Chapter 4 Combustion in Two-Stroke
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Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Strok
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a stratilpl o tions to ivior. If m
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CD 30 -, W 20 - LU CO iS _J LU OC 1
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181 also x3 = — = 0.905 x6 = 2.17
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to be cur .3.20) .3.21) .3.22) for
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3.23) com- :on is hhas has a /eng-
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stroke .3.29) mean me to 3land ssio
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a LU z: en 3 CO a LU z EC D m O ho
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CD 1.2 -i 1.0 - di „„ LU 0.8 cc
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CO —> 111" cc LU < LU _J LU CC £
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Combustion in compression-ignition
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stroke ari more often lseful lental
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lat the ssi ;tribu- ELEVATION VIEWS
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CYLINDER HEAD TYPE IS CENTRAL BORE,
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CO E 50 40 - O O _i Hi > I CO 30 Z)
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CURRENT INPUT DATA FOR 2-STROKE 'SP
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Cylin- PP £ Pa- tics of Paper Chap
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vfitro- ;titi >tants 1970. i(In- Ch
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£2 = Pi P2 I Pi J Chapter 4 - Comb
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CHAINSAW AT 9600 rpm. Chapter 4- Co
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LLI •z. O N -z. 0.21 -, 0.20 DC 0
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$ 2 - x O z 2 1 Chapter 7 - Reducti
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Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consu
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O 01 III cr cc LU Q. LU h- LU Z o N
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Chapter 8 Reduction of Noise Emissi
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Chapter 8 • Reduction of Noise Em
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Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Emis
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H Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Em
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Name F R Chapter 8 • Reduction of
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1 Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Em
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• • / . • Appendix Listing of
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Active radical (AR) combustion and
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initial conditions, assumptions reg
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in two-stroke engine (schematic dia
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exhaust timing control valve, effec
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I Exhaust emissions/exhaust gas ana
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Exhaust systems (continued) untuned
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gas constant/universal gas constant
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in crankcase heat transfer analysis
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Mercury Marine air-assisted fuel in
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I PISTON POSITION (computer program
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Pressure wave reflection (in pipes)
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local acoustic velocity, 60 local M
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Roots blower in turbocharged/superc
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Scavenging (continued) scavenging e
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Simulation, engine See Computer mod
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temperature vs. crankshaft angle (c
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work per thermodynamic (Otto) cycle
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Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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