Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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speed of rotation speed of rotation mean piston speed crankshaft position at top dead center crankshaft position at bottom dead center crankshaft angle before top dead center crankshaft angle after top dead center crankshaft angle before bottom dead center crankshaft angle after bottom dead center crankshaft angle combustion period throttle area ratio reed tip lift to length ratio Engine-, performance-related parameters mean effective pressure, brake mean effective pressure, indicated mean effective pressure, friction mean effective pressure, pumping power output power output, brake power output, indicated torque output torque output, brake torque output, indicated air-to-fuel ratio air-to-fuel ratio, stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio, trapped equivalence ratio equivalence ratio, molecular specific emissions of hydrocarbons specific emissions of oxides of nitrogen specific emissions of carbon monoxide specific emissions of carbon dioxide specific fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption, indicated air flow, scavenge ratio air flow, delivery ratio air flow, volumetric efficiency charging efficiency trapping efficiency scavenging efficiency xxi rps 0) Cp tdc bdc °btdc °atdc °bbdc °abdc e b° Cthr Crdt bmep imep fmep pmep W wb Wj z zb Zj AFR AFRS AFRt X ^m bsHC bsNOx bsCO bsC02 bsfc isfc SR DR riv CE TE SE rev/s rad/s m/s degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees Pa Pa Pa Pa kW kW kW Nm Nm Nm g/kWh g/kWh g/kWh g/kWh kg/kWh kg/kWh Nomenclature
Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines thermal efficiency thermal efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, indicated mechanical efficiency fuel calorific value (lower) fuel calorific value (higher) fuel latent heat of vaporization mass fraction burned heat release rate combustion efficiency relative combustion efficiency with respect to purity relative combustion efficiency with respect to fueling index of compression index of expansion flame velocity flame velocity, laminar flame velocity, turbulent squish velocity Gas properties gas constant universal gas constant density specific volume specific heat at constant volume specific heat at constant pressure molal specific heat at constant volume molal specific heat at constant pressure ratio of specific heats purity temperature viscosity kinematic viscosity volumetric ratio of a gas mixture mass ratio of a gas mixture Noise sound pressure level sound intensity sound frequency XXll lit Tib T|i Tim Cfi Cfh "vap B Que Tic Tl se Tlaf ne nc Cfl Cjf Ctrb c sq R R r V Cv Cp Cv S Y n T M- V t> E P I f MJ/kg MJ/kg kJ/kg J/deg J/kgK J/kgmolK kg/m 3 m 3 /kg J/kgK J/kgK J/kgmolK J/kgmolK K kg/ms m 2 /s dB W/m 2 Hz
Page 2 and 3: Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
Page 4 and 5: A Second Mulled Toast When as a stu
Page 8 and 9: Acknowledgments As explained in the
Page 10 and 11: Table of Contents Nomenclature xv C
Page 12 and 13: Table of Contents 2.10.1 Flow at pi
Page 14 and 15: Table of Contents 3.5.3.1 The use o
Page 16 and 17: Table of Contents 6.1.3 The effect
Page 18 and 19: Nomenclature NAME SYMBOL UNIT (SI)
Page 22 and 23: attenuation or transmission loss wa
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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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Design and Simulation ofTwo-Stroke
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Design and Simulation ofTwo'Stroke
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Chapter 4 Combustion in Two-Stroke
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Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Strok
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a stratilpl o tions to ivior. If m
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CD 30 -, W 20 - LU CO iS _J LU OC 1
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181 also x3 = — = 0.905 x6 = 2.17
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to be cur .3.20) .3.21) .3.22) for
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3.23) com- :on is hhas has a /eng-
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stroke .3.29) mean me to 3land ssio
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a LU z: en 3 CO a LU z EC D m O ho
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CD 1.2 -i 1.0 - di „„ LU 0.8 cc
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CO —> 111" cc LU < LU _J LU CC £
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Combustion in compression-ignition
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stroke ari more often lseful lental
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lat the ssi ;tribu- ELEVATION VIEWS
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CYLINDER HEAD TYPE IS CENTRAL BORE,
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CO E 50 40 - O O _i Hi > I CO 30 Z)
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CURRENT INPUT DATA FOR 2-STROKE 'SP
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Cylin- PP £ Pa- tics of Paper Chap
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vfitro- ;titi >tants 1970. i(In- Ch
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£2 = Pi P2 I Pi J Chapter 4 - Comb
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CHAINSAW AT 9600 rpm. Chapter 4- Co
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LLI •z. O N -z. 0.21 -, 0.20 DC 0
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Chapter 7 Reduction of Fuel Consump
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Chapter 7 • Reduction of Fuel Con
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Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consu
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^ s C£ Q 2^ E Q. Q_ z' o ISSI HCEM
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o > z~ Q w CO UJ w g x O z o z o m
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S.S.F.C. , C./SHP-HS Chapter 7 - Re
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0.35 • 0.34 LU ° 0.33 - c 03 DC
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§ 2000
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y, ,6 Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel
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Chapter 7- Reduction of Fuel Consum
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INLET FOR r AIR AND FUEL Chapter 7
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o Q_ Ld < CD 15-, 10- Chapter 7 - R
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O 01 III cr cc LU Q. LU h- LU Z o N
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Chapter 8 Reduction of Noise Emissi
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Chapter 8 • Reduction of Noise Em
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Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Emis
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H Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Em
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1 Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Em
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• • / . • Appendix Listing of
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Active radical (AR) combustion and
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initial conditions, assumptions reg
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in two-stroke engine (schematic dia
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exhaust timing control valve, effec
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I Exhaust emissions/exhaust gas ana
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Exhaust systems (continued) untuned
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gas constant/universal gas constant
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in crankcase heat transfer analysis
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Mercury Marine air-assisted fuel in
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I PISTON POSITION (computer program
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Pressure wave reflection (in pipes)
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local acoustic velocity, 60 local M
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Roots blower in turbocharged/superc
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Scavenging (continued) scavenging e
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Simulation, engine See Computer mod
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temperature vs. crankshaft angle (c
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work per thermodynamic (Otto) cycle
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Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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