Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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$ 2 - x O z 2 1 Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions AIR-ASSISTED 3 i FUEL INJECTION 11 i 12 / SOA245 QUB 500 RESEARCH ENGINE i 13 14 15 — T - 16 TRAPPED AIR-TO-FUEL RATIO SOA230 — i 17 Fig. 7.59 Effect of fueling on bsNOx at part load, 1600 rpm. Another direct-injection system using liquid injection [Ref. 7.54], originally emanating from research work at the same University but employing a somewhat different hydraulic process, is shown in Plate 7.8. The ram-tuned liquid injection (RTL) system is operated at SOF settings of 50°, 70° and 80° btdc and the air blast injector (ABI) is operated at a SOA setting of 80° btdc. The fueling is varied over a wide range and the test results are shown in Figs. 7.60-7.63, with respect to bmep for bsfc, bsHC, bsNOx and bsCO, respectively. The hydrocarbon emissions are mainly 6" •*— n QUB 500 RESEARCH ENGINE, 1600 rpm 1000 -i ram-tuned liquid and air-blast injection 800 600 - 400 200 bmep, bar SOA80 Fig. 7.60 Light load fuel consumption. 527 RTL SOF90
Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines 70 • 60 50 • ^ 40 H O) O" 30 • X CO .a 20 • 10 H x" O z w -O 0 QUB 500 RESEARCH ENGINE, 1600 rpm ram-tuned liquid and air-blast injection RTL SOF50 RTL SOF90 ABI SOA80 RTL SOF70 0 1 2 bmep, bar Fig. 7.61 Light load hydrocarbon emissions. QUB 500 RESEARCH ENGINE, 1600 rpm 3 -i ram-tuned liquid and air-blast injection ABI SOA80 RTL SOF70 0 1 bmep, bar Fig. 7.62 Light load NOx emissions. RTL SOF90 at, or below, 10 g/kWh at this low load level, which is a very creditable result. The bsfc is at 300 g/kWh for some of the RTL settings; that too is an excellent result and would translate into very low on-road fuel consumption figures for an automobile. The bsNOx values mostly hover around 1.0 g/kWh, or less, which remains as remarkably low as always. In Fig. 7.63, the bsCO minimizes at 20 g/kWh and at 1.5 bar. That it is as high as 20 g/kWh at 1.5 bar bmep on 528 —i 2
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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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A Second Mulled Toast When as a stu
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Acknowledgments As explained in the
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Table of Contents Nomenclature xv C
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Table of Contents 2.10.1 Flow at pi
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Table of Contents 3.5.3.1 The use o
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Table of Contents 6.1.3 The effect
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Nomenclature NAME SYMBOL UNIT (SI)
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speed of rotation speed of rotation
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attenuation or transmission loss wa
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Design and Simulation ofTwo-Stroke
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Design and Simulation ofTwo'Stroke
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Chapter 4 Combustion in Two-Stroke
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Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Strok
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a stratilpl o tions to ivior. If m
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CD 30 -, W 20 - LU CO iS _J LU OC 1
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181 also x3 = — = 0.905 x6 = 2.17
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to be cur .3.20) .3.21) .3.22) for
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3.23) com- :on is hhas has a /eng-
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stroke .3.29) mean me to 3land ssio
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a LU z: en 3 CO a LU z EC D m O ho
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CD 1.2 -i 1.0 - di „„ LU 0.8 cc
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CO —> 111" cc LU < LU _J LU CC £
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Combustion in compression-ignition
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stroke ari more often lseful lental
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lat the ssi ;tribu- ELEVATION VIEWS
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CYLINDER HEAD TYPE IS CENTRAL BORE,
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CO E 50 40 - O O _i Hi > I CO 30 Z)
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CURRENT INPUT DATA FOR 2-STROKE 'SP
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Cylin- PP £ Pa- tics of Paper Chap
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vfitro- ;titi >tants 1970. i(In- Ch
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£2 = Pi P2 I Pi J Chapter 4 - Comb
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CHAINSAW AT 9600 rpm. Chapter 4- Co
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LLI •z. O N -z. 0.21 -, 0.20 DC 0
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Chapter 7 Reduction of Fuel Consump
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Chapter 7 • Reduction of Fuel Con
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Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consu
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^ s C£ Q 2^ E Q. Q_ z' o ISSI HCEM
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o > z~ Q w CO UJ w g x O z o z o m
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H Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Em
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Name F R Chapter 8 • Reduction of
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Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Emis
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1 Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Em
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Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Emis
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• • / . • Appendix Listing of
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Active radical (AR) combustion and
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initial conditions, assumptions reg
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in two-stroke engine (schematic dia
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exhaust timing control valve, effec
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I Exhaust emissions/exhaust gas ana
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Exhaust systems (continued) untuned
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gas constant/universal gas constant
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in crankcase heat transfer analysis
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Mercury Marine air-assisted fuel in
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I PISTON POSITION (computer program
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Pressure wave reflection (in pipes)
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local acoustic velocity, 60 local M
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Roots blower in turbocharged/superc
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Scavenging (continued) scavenging e
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Simulation, engine See Computer mod
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temperature vs. crankshaft angle (c
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work per thermodynamic (Otto) cycle
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Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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