Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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stroke ari more often lseful lental nstruellentHowlamic St?*' Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Stroke Engines The fundamental thesis behind the calculation is that all state conditions equalize during any incremental piston movement. Thus, the values of cylinder pressure and temperature are pcl and Tc], respectively, at the commencement of the time step, dt, which will give an incremental piston movement, dx, an incremental crank angle movement, d9, and a change of cylinder volume, dV. However, if equalization has taken place from the previous time step, then: Pel =Psl =Pbl cl Tsl=Tbl Pel = Psl = Pbl and V cl Vsi = Vb] mci = mt = msi + mbl For the next time step the compression process will occur in a polytropic manner with an exponent, n, as discussed in Sec. 4.2.2. If the process is considered ideal, or isentropic, that exponent is y, the ratio of specific heats for the cylinder gas. Because of the multiplicity of trapping conditions and polytropic compression behavior, it is more logical for any calculation to consider engine cylinders to be analyzed on a basis of equality. Therefore, the compression process is assumed to be isentropic, with air as the working fluid, and the trapping conditions are assumed to be at the reference pressure and temperature of 1 atm and 20°C. In this case the value of y is 1.4. The initial cylinder density is given by: Pt RT 101325 287 x 293 1.205 kg/ ITf The value of the individual compression behavior in the squish and bowl volumes, as well as the overall macroscopic values, follows: Ps2 Psl v sl yVsu Pb2 = Pbl Pc2 Pcl v bl v v b2y If a squish action takes place, then the value of squish pressure, pS2, is greater than either pC2 or pb2, but: V cl 'c2 Ps2 > Pc2 > Pb2 The squish pressure ratio, Psq, causing gas flow to take place, is found from: T> _ Ps2 sq Pb2 327 Pel Pcl Y cl (4.5.1)
Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines At this point, consider that a gas flow process takes place within the time step so that the pressures equalize in the squish band and the bowl, equal to the average cylinder pressure. This implies movement of mass from the squish band to the bowl, so that the mass distributions at the end of the time step are proportional to the volumes, as follows: ms2 = mt Ls2_ 'c2 (4.5.2) During the course of the compression analysis, the mass in the squish band was considered to be the original (and equalized in the manner above) value of msi, so the incremental mass squished, dmsq, is given by: dm sq mci — mc9 = m 'si s2 v sl vVci V, s2 A
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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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A Second Mulled Toast When as a stu
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Acknowledgments As explained in the
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Table of Contents Nomenclature xv C
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Table of Contents 2.10.1 Flow at pi
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Table of Contents 3.5.3.1 The use o
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Table of Contents 6.1.3 The effect
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Nomenclature NAME SYMBOL UNIT (SI)
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speed of rotation speed of rotation
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attenuation or transmission loss wa
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Design and Simulation ofTwo-Stroke
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Design and Simulation ofTwo'Stroke
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Page 298 and 299: Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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Chapter 7 Reduction of Fuel Consump
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Chapter 7 • Reduction of Fuel Con
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Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consu
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§ 2000
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y, ,6 Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel
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Chapter 7- Reduction of Fuel Consum
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Chapter 8 Reduction of Noise Emissi
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Chapter 8 • Reduction of Noise Em
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Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Emis
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• • / . • Appendix Listing of
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Active radical (AR) combustion and
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initial conditions, assumptions reg
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in two-stroke engine (schematic dia
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exhaust timing control valve, effec
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Exhaust systems (continued) untuned
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gas constant/universal gas constant
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in crankcase heat transfer analysis
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Mercury Marine air-assisted fuel in
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I PISTON POSITION (computer program
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Pressure wave reflection (in pipes)
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local acoustic velocity, 60 local M
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Simulation, engine See Computer mod
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temperature vs. crankshaft angle (c
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work per thermodynamic (Otto) cycle
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Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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