Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions 7.14 E. Vieilledent, "Low Pressure Electronic Fuel Injection System for Two-Stroke Engines," SAE Paper No. 780767, So> : ety of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1978. 7.15 R. Douglas, G.P. Blair, "Fuel Injection of a Two-Stroke Cycle Spark Ignition Engine," SAE Paper No. 820952, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1982. 7.16 N.J. Beck, W.P. Johnson, R.L. Barkhimer, S.H. Patterson, "Electronic Fuel Injection for Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline Engines," SAE Paper No. 861242, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1986. 7.17 G. Yamagishi, T. Sato, H. Iwasa, "A Study of Two-Stroke Fuel Injection Engines for Exhaust Gas Purification," SAE Paper No. 720195, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1972. 7.18 P. Duret, A. Ecomard, M. Audinet, "A New Two-Stroke Engine with Compressor- Air Assisted Fuel Injection for High Efficiency Low Emissions Applications," SAE Paper No. 880176, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1988. 7.19 D. Plohberger, K. Landfahrer, L. Mikulic, "Development of Fuel Injected Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine," SAE Paper No. 880170, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1988. 7.20 S. Ishihara, "Experimental Development of Two New Types of Double Piston Engines," SAE Paper No. 860031, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1986. 7.21 F. Laimbock, "Der abgasame Hochleitungszweitaktmotor," Dritte Grazer Zweiradtagung, Technische Universitat, Graz, Austria, 13-14 April, 1989. 7.22 D. Fog, R.M. Brown, D.H. Garland, "Reduction of Smoke from Two-Stroke Engine Oils," Paper C372/040, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London, 1989. 7.23 O.V. Kuntscher, A. Singer, "Mixture Injection Application for Avoiding Charge Exchange Losses in Two-Stroke Cycle Engines," Paper C372/025, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London, 1989. 7.24 M. Prigent, G. De Soete, "Nitrous Oxide N2O in Engine Exhaust Gases, A First Appraisal of Catalyst Impact," SAE Paper No. 890492, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1989. 7.25 K. Sugiura, M. Kagaya, "A Study of Visible Smoke Reduction from a Small Two- Stroke Engine using Various Engine Lubricants," SAE Paper No. 770623, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1977. 7.26 K. Schlunke, "Der Orbital Verbrennungsprozess des Zweitaktmotors," Tenth International Motor Symposium, Vienna, April 1989, pp63-78. 7.27 Anon, "The 249cc Model GTP Velocette," The Motor Cycle, London, 12 December 1934. 7.28 C.E. Carson, R.J. Kee, R.G. Kenny, C. Stan, K. Lehmann, S. Zwahr, "Ram-Tuned and Air-Assisted Direct Fuel Injection Systems Applied to a SI Two-Stroke Engine," SAE Paper No. 950269, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1995. 7.29 R.J. Kee, G.P. Blair, C.E. Carson, R.G. Kenny, "Exhaust Emissions of a Stratified Charge Two-Stroke Engine," Funfe Grazer Zweiradtagung, Technische Universitat, Graz, Austria, 12-23 April, 1993. 533
Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines 7.30 S.J. Magee, R. Douglas, G.P. Blair, C.E. Carson, J-P. Cressard, "Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Emissions of a Small Capacity Two-Stroke Cycle Engine," SAE Paper No. 931539, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1993. 7.31 M. Saxena, H.B. Mathur, S. Radzimirski, "A Stratified Charging Two-Stroke Engine for Reduction of Scavenged-Through Losses," SAE Paper No. 891805, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1989. 7.32 F.W. Lanchester, R.H. Pearsall, "An Investigation into Certain Aspects of the Two- Stroke Engine for Automobile Vehicles," The Automobile Engineer, London, February 1922. 7.33 T. Sato, M. Nakayama, "Gasoline Direct Injection for a Loop-Scavenged Two," SAE Paper No. 720195, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1972. 7.34 G.P. Blair, R.J. Kee, C.E. Carson, R.Douglas, "The Reduction of Emissions and Fuel Consumption by Direct Air-Assisted Fuel Injection into a Two-Stroke Engine," Vierte Grazer Zweiradtagung, Technische Universitat, Graz, Austria, 8-9 April, 1991, ppl 14- 141. 7.35 D. Campbell, G.P. Blair, "Anordnung von kleinvolumigen Zweitaktmotoren um gute Kraft und arme Emissionen zu erhalten," 4th International Motorcycle Conference, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, Munich, 5-7 March 1991. 7.36 G. P. Blair, The Basic Design of Two-Stroke Engines. SAE R-104, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., February 1990, ISBN 1-56091-008-9. 7.37 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha, Iwata, Japan, "Combustion Chamber for Injected Engine," US Patent 5,163,396, November 17, 1992. 7.38 B. Cumming, "Two-Stroke Engines—Opportunities and Challenges," Aachen Colloquium on Automobile and Engine Technology, Institut fur Kraftfahrwesen, Lehrstuhl fur Angewandte Thermodynamik, Aachen, 15-17 October 1991. 7.39 G.E. Hundleby, "Development of a Poppet-Valved Two-Stroke Engine-the Flagship Concept," SAE Paper No. 900802, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1990. 7.40 P. Conlon and R. Reck, "An Experimental Investigation to Optimize the Performance of a Supercharged, Two-Stroke Engine," SAE Paper No. 930982, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1993. 7.41 R. Diesel, "Method of and Apparatus for Converting Heat into Work," German Patent No. 542846, 1895. 7.42 J.R. Pattison, "Electrically Controlled Gas Engine Fuel System," United States Patent No. 1,288,439, 1918. 7.43 J. Emerson, P.G. Felton and F.V Bracco, "Structure of Sprays from Fuel Injectors Part 3: The Ford Air-assisted Fuel Injector," SAE Paper No. 890313, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1989. 7.44 K. Landfahrer, D. Plohberger, H. Alten and L. Mikulic, "Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Two-Stroke Gasoline Engines," SAE Paper No. 890415, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1989. 7.45 S.R. Leighton, S.R. Ahern, "The Orbital Small Engine Fuel Injection System (SEFIS) for Directed Injected Two-Stroke Cycle Engines," Funfe Grazer Zweiradtagung, Technische Universitat, Graz, Austria, 12-23 April, 1993. 534
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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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A Second Mulled Toast When as a stu
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Acknowledgments As explained in the
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Table of Contents Nomenclature xv C
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Table of Contents 2.10.1 Flow at pi
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Table of Contents 3.5.3.1 The use o
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Table of Contents 6.1.3 The effect
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Nomenclature NAME SYMBOL UNIT (SI)
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speed of rotation speed of rotation
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attenuation or transmission loss wa
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Design and Simulation ofTwo-Stroke
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Design and Simulation ofTwo'Stroke
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Chapter 4 Combustion in Two-Stroke
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Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Strok
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a stratilpl o tions to ivior. If m
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CD 30 -, W 20 - LU CO iS _J LU OC 1
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181 also x3 = — = 0.905 x6 = 2.17
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to be cur .3.20) .3.21) .3.22) for
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3.23) com- :on is hhas has a /eng-
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stroke .3.29) mean me to 3land ssio
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a LU z: en 3 CO a LU z EC D m O ho
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CD 1.2 -i 1.0 - di „„ LU 0.8 cc
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CO —> 111" cc LU < LU _J LU CC £
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Combustion in compression-ignition
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stroke ari more often lseful lental
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lat the ssi ;tribu- ELEVATION VIEWS
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CYLINDER HEAD TYPE IS CENTRAL BORE,
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CO E 50 40 - O O _i Hi > I CO 30 Z)
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CURRENT INPUT DATA FOR 2-STROKE 'SP
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Cylin- PP £ Pa- tics of Paper Chap
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vfitro- ;titi >tants 1970. i(In- Ch
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£2 = Pi P2 I Pi J Chapter 4 - Comb
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CHAINSAW AT 9600 rpm. Chapter 4- Co
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LLI •z. O N -z. 0.21 -, 0.20 DC 0
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Chapter 7 Reduction of Fuel Consump
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Chapter 7 • Reduction of Fuel Con
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Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consu
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Chapter 7 • Reduction of Fuel Con
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1 Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Em
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Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Emis
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• • / . • Appendix Listing of
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Active radical (AR) combustion and
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initial conditions, assumptions reg
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in two-stroke engine (schematic dia
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exhaust timing control valve, effec
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I Exhaust emissions/exhaust gas ana
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Exhaust systems (continued) untuned
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gas constant/universal gas constant
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in crankcase heat transfer analysis
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Mercury Marine air-assisted fuel in
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I PISTON POSITION (computer program
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Pressure wave reflection (in pipes)
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local acoustic velocity, 60 local M
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Roots blower in turbocharged/superc
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Scavenging (continued) scavenging e
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Simulation, engine See Computer mod
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temperature vs. crankshaft angle (c
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work per thermodynamic (Otto) cycle
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Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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