Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines are 7 bhp for the chainsaw, 62 bhp for the racing motorcycle engine, and 250 bhp for the truck diesel engine. The physical dimensions predicted for the three engines are seen to be very realistic, and from a later discussion in Chapters 5 and 6, the reported behavior of engines such as the chainsaw and the racing motorcycle engine will confirm that statement. The varied nature of the specific power performance from these very different engines is observed from the 95 bhp/liter for the chainsaw, 247 bhp/liter for the racing motorcycle engine, and 39.7 bhp/liter for the truck diesel power unit. The most useful part of this method of initial prediction of the potential power performance of an engine is that some necessary pragmatism is injected into the selection of the data for the speed of rotation of the engine. Subscript notation for Chapter 1 a ar as at b c eg CO co2 dref ex f fl g i 0 o2 %g ppmg sref t ta tas tf tr air air retained air supplied atmosphere brake combustion gas concentration by proportion carbon monoxide carbon dioxide reference for delivery ratio exhaust gas fuel fuel calorific value gas indicated overall oxygen gas concentration by % volume gas concentration by ppm reference for scavenge ratio trapped trapped air trapped air supplied trapped fuel trapping 46
Chapter 1 - Introduction to the Two-Stroke Engine References for Chapter 1 1.1 P.E. Irving, Two-Stroke Power Units, their Design and Application. Temple Press Books for Newnes, London, 1967. 1.2 K.G. Draper, The Two-Stroke Engine. Design and Tuning. Foulis, Oxford, 1968. 1.3 C.F. Taylor, E.S. Taylor, The Internal Combustion Engine. International Textbook Company, Scranton, Pa., 1962. 1.4 R.S. Benson, N.D. Whitehouse, Internal Combustion Engines. Vols. 1 and 2, Pergamon, Oxford, 1979. 1.5 C.F. Caunter, Motor Cycles, a Technical History. Science Museum, London, HMSO, 1970. 1.6 PH. Schweitzer, Scavenging of Two-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engines. Macmillan, New York, 1949. 1.7 G.P. Blair, R.R. Booy, B.L. Sheaffer, (Eds.), Technology Pertaining to Two-Stroke Cycle Spark-Ignition Engines. SAE PT-26, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1982. 1.8 W.J.D. Annand, G.E. Roe, Gas Flow in the Internal Combustion Engine. Foulis, Yeovil, Somerset, 1974. 1.9 G.P. Blair, R.A.R. Houston, R.K. McMullan, N. Steele, S.J. Williamson, "A New Piston Design for a Cross-Scavenged Two-Stroke Cycle Engine with Improved Scavenging and Combustion Characteristics," SAE Paper No. 841096, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1984. 1.10 G.P. Blair, R.G. Kenny, J.G. Smyth, M.E.G. Sweeney, G.B. Swann, "An Experimental Comparison of Loop and Cross Scavenging of the Two-Stroke Cycle Engine," SAE Paper No. 861240, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1986. 1.11 G.P. Blair, "Correlation of Theory and Experiment for Scavenging Flow in Two- Stroke Cycle Engines," SAE Paper No. 881265, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1988. 1.12 J.D. Flaig, G.L. Broughton, "The Design and Development of the OMC V-8 OutboardMotor," SAE Paper No. 851517, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1985. 1.13 R. Fleck, G.P. Blair, R.A.R. Houston, "An Improved Model for Predicting Reed Valve Behavior in Two-Stroke Cycle Engines," SAE Paper No. 871654, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1987. 1.14 SAE J1349, "Engine Power Test Code, Spark Ignition and Diesel," Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., June 1985. 1.15 SAE J1088, "Test Procedure for the Measurement of Exhaust Emissions from Small Utility Engines," Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., June 1983. 1.16 ISO 3046, "Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines: Performance-Parts 1,2, and 3," International Organization for Standardization, 1981. 1.17 BS 1042, "Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits," British Standards Institution, 1981. 1.18 E. Sher, "The Effect of Atmospheric Conditions on the Performance of an Air-Borne Two-Stroke Spark-Ignition Engine," Proc. I. Mech. E., Vol 198D, No 15, pp239-251 and as SAE Paper No. 844962. 47
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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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A Second Mulled Toast When as a stu
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Acknowledgments As explained in the
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Table of Contents Nomenclature xv C
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Table of Contents 2.10.1 Flow at pi
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Table of Contents 3.5.3.1 The use o
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Table of Contents 6.1.3 The effect
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Design and Simulation ofTwo-Stroke
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Design and Simulation ofTwo'Stroke
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Chapter 4 Combustion in Two-Stroke
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Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Strok
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a stratilpl o tions to ivior. If m
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CD 30 -, W 20 - LU CO iS _J LU OC 1
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181 also x3 = — = 0.905 x6 = 2.17
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to be cur .3.20) .3.21) .3.22) for
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3.23) com- :on is hhas has a /eng-
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stroke .3.29) mean me to 3land ssio
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a LU z: en 3 CO a LU z EC D m O ho
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CD 1.2 -i 1.0 - di „„ LU 0.8 cc
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CO —> 111" cc LU < LU _J LU CC £
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Combustion in compression-ignition
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stroke ari more often lseful lental
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lat the ssi ;tribu- ELEVATION VIEWS
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CYLINDER HEAD TYPE IS CENTRAL BORE,
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CURRENT INPUT DATA FOR 2-STROKE 'SP
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vfitro- ;titi >tants 1970. i(In- Ch
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£2 = Pi P2 I Pi J Chapter 4 - Comb
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CHAINSAW AT 9600 rpm. Chapter 4- Co
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LLI •z. O N -z. 0.21 -, 0.20 DC 0
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Chapter 7 Reduction of Fuel Consump
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Chapter 7 • Reduction of Fuel Con
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§ 2000
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y, ,6 Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel
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• • / . • Appendix Listing of
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Active radical (AR) combustion and
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initial conditions, assumptions reg
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in two-stroke engine (schematic dia
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exhaust timing control valve, effec
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I Exhaust emissions/exhaust gas ana
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Exhaust systems (continued) untuned
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gas constant/universal gas constant
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in crankcase heat transfer analysis
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Mercury Marine air-assisted fuel in
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I PISTON POSITION (computer program
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Pressure wave reflection (in pipes)
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local acoustic velocity, 60 local M
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Scavenging (continued) scavenging e
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Simulation, engine See Computer mod
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temperature vs. crankshaft angle (c
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work per thermodynamic (Otto) cycle
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