Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions Plate 7.1 Stratified charging engine from the Institut Francois du P4trole (courtesy of Institut Francois du Pitrole). gine. The extension of the IAPAC design to motor scooters and outboards has been carried out [7.48, 7.52]. The bulk of the engine is increased somewhat over that of a conventional two-stroke engine, particularly in terms of engine height. The complexity and manufacturing cost is also greater, but no more so than that of today's four-stroke-engine-equipped cars, or even some of the larger capacity motorcycles or outboard motors. Stratified charging by an airhead for the simple two-stroke engine The stratified charging process can be carried out sequentially as well as in parallel. The basic principle is shown in Fig. 7.44. The engine uses crankcase compression and has a conventional supply of air and fuel into the crankcase. An ancillary inlet port, normally controlled by a reed valve, connects the atmosphere to the transfer ports close to their entry point to the cylinder. The ancillary inlet port contains a throttle to control the amount of air ingested. During the induction stroke the reed valve in the ancillary inlet port lifts and air is induced toward the crankcase, displacing air and fuel ahead of it. When crankcase compression begins the transfer duct is ideally filled with air only, and when scavenging commences it does so with an "airhead" in the van. The theory is that the scavenging is sequentially 507
Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines a: IxJ o 0. Ld < CD INGLE CYLINDER IAPAC 246 CC 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 ABOVE 700 500 - 700 450 - 500 400 - 45C 350-400 300 - 350 275 - 300 260 - 275 250 - 260 BELOW 250 Fig. 7.40 Fuel consumption contours (g/kWh) oflFP stratified charging engine. 15-, 10- 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 ENGINE SPEED (RPM) ABOVE 30.0 20.0 - 30.0 15.0 - 20.0 10.0 - 15.0 7.0 - 10.0 5.0 - 7.0 BELOW 5.0 Fig. 7.41 Hydrocarbon emission contours (g/kWh) oflFP stratified charging engine. 508
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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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A Second Mulled Toast When as a stu
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Acknowledgments As explained in the
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Table of Contents Nomenclature xv C
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Table of Contents 2.10.1 Flow at pi
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Table of Contents 3.5.3.1 The use o
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Table of Contents 6.1.3 The effect
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Nomenclature NAME SYMBOL UNIT (SI)
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speed of rotation speed of rotation
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attenuation or transmission loss wa
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Design and Simulation ofTwo-Stroke
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Design and Simulation ofTwo'Stroke
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Chapter 4 Combustion in Two-Stroke
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Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Strok
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a stratilpl o tions to ivior. If m
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CD 30 -, W 20 - LU CO iS _J LU OC 1
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181 also x3 = — = 0.905 x6 = 2.17
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to be cur .3.20) .3.21) .3.22) for
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3.23) com- :on is hhas has a /eng-
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stroke .3.29) mean me to 3land ssio
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a LU z: en 3 CO a LU z EC D m O ho
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CD 1.2 -i 1.0 - di „„ LU 0.8 cc
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CO —> 111" cc LU < LU _J LU CC £
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Combustion in compression-ignition
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stroke ari more often lseful lental
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lat the ssi ;tribu- ELEVATION VIEWS
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CYLINDER HEAD TYPE IS CENTRAL BORE,
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CO E 50 40 - O O _i Hi > I CO 30 Z)
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CURRENT INPUT DATA FOR 2-STROKE 'SP
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Cylin- PP £ Pa- tics of Paper Chap
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vfitro- ;titi >tants 1970. i(In- Ch
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£2 = Pi P2 I Pi J Chapter 4 - Comb
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CHAINSAW AT 9600 rpm. Chapter 4- Co
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LLI •z. O N -z. 0.21 -, 0.20 DC 0
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Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Emis
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Chapter 8 • Reduction of Noise Em
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H Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Em
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Name F R Chapter 8 • Reduction of
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1 Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Em
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• • / . • Appendix Listing of
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Active radical (AR) combustion and
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initial conditions, assumptions reg
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in two-stroke engine (schematic dia
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exhaust timing control valve, effec
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I Exhaust emissions/exhaust gas ana
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Exhaust systems (continued) untuned
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gas constant/universal gas constant
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in crankcase heat transfer analysis
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Mercury Marine air-assisted fuel in
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I PISTON POSITION (computer program
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Pressure wave reflection (in pipes)
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local acoustic velocity, 60 local M
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Roots blower in turbocharged/superc
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Scavenging (continued) scavenging e
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Simulation, engine See Computer mod
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temperature vs. crankshaft angle (c
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work per thermodynamic (Otto) cycle
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Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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