Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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in crankcase heat transfer analysis, 376 Woschni heat transfer equation (compression-ignition engines), 305 between zones (closed cycle, two-zone chainsaw engine), 348-349 see also Combustion processes; First Law of Thermodynamics; Heat release Heimberg, W. Ficht pressure surge injection system, 516,535 HEMI-SPHERE program typical combustion chamber design, 335, 337 Hill, B.W. QUB stratified charging engine, 498 Hinds, E.T. reed valves as pressure-loaded cantilevered beam, 368 Homelite chainsaw, 3 Homogeneous charge combustion See Combustion processes; Homogeneous charging (with stratified combustion); Stratified charging (with homogeneous combustion) Homogeneous charging (with stratified combustion) air-blast fuel injection (gasoline) advantages/disadvantages of, 518 description, 516-517 injector placement, problems with, 518, 520 SEFIS motorscooter engine (Orbital Engine Corp.), 521 sequence of events (illus.), 517 spray patterns, 517-519 three-cylinder car engine (Orbital Engine Corp.), 520 gasoline injection, technical papers on, 512-513 liquid gasoline injection bsfc, bsHC emissions (fuel injected vs. carburetted), 513-514 dribble problem with, 518 ram-tuned liquid injection description, 514-515 functional schematic diagram, 515 Heimberg alternative method, 516 QUB 500rv engine at light load, 516,526-529 spray pattern from, 516 Honda CVCC engine, 466-467 Hopkinson, B. perfect displacement scavenging, 213-214 perfect mixing scavenging, 214-215 605 Index seminal paper on scavenging flow, 211, 276 Hydrocarbon concentration in exhaust emissions (introduction), 303 see also Exhaust emissions/exhaust gas analysis IFP (Institut Francais du Petrole) stratified charging engine brake specific fuel consumption, 505, 508 description and functional diagram, 504-506 hydrocarbon emissions, 506, 508, 509 NO emissions, 506, 509 oxygen catalysis, effect of, 506, 509 photograph of, 507 Ignition (spark, compression). See under Combustion processes Indicated mean effective pressure discussion of, 34 see also Mean effective pressure Indicated power output defined, 34-35 see also Power output Indicated specific fuel consumption defined, 35 see also Fuel consumption/fuel economy Indicated torque defined, 35 see also Torque Induction systems disc valve port area diagrams, 457 see also Disc valves reed valve empirical design of (discussion), 447-450 in racing motorcycle engine simulation, 401-402 see also Reed valves see also Specific time area (Asv) Intake systems computer modeling of (chainsaw engine simulation) intake disc valves, 365-367 intake ducting (dimensions and discussion), 370-371 intake ducting throttle area ratio, 371 intake reed valves, 367-370
Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines Intake systems (continued) computer modeling of (chainsaw engine simulation) (continued) intake system temperature/pressure vs. crankshaft angle, 390-392 intake disc valves specific time area (Asv) analysis, 365-367 intake manifolds bellmouth inflow, expansion wave reflection at, 93-95 plain end inflow, expansion wave reflection at, 91, 95-97 reflection possibilities in, 89 see also Exhaust systems; Silencers/silencing Ishibashi, Y. active radical (AR) combustion and engine optimization, 490-491 Ishihara, S. double-piston stratified charging engine, 504, 505 Jante method (scavenge flow assessment) advantages/disadvantages of, 223 description of apparatus, 219-220, 221 QUB experience with, 222-223 typical velocity contours, 221-222 Jones, A. simulation of engines (using unsteady gas flow), 143 Junkers Jumo (aircraft engine), 3 Kinetic energy squished combustion chamber, influence of (discussion), 331 compression ratio, effect of (diesel engines), 334,335 vs. squish clearance (various combustion chambers), 332 turbulence kinetic energy (incremental, total), 330 Kirkpatrick, S.J. development of QUB SP experimental apparatus, 172 simulation of engines (using unsteady gas flow), 142 606 Knocking description of, 286 see also Detonation Laimbock, F. catalysis in two-stroke engines, 494, 495 Lanchester, F.W. airhead stratified charging, 510 Lax, P.D. Lax-Wendroff computation time, 191-192 simulation of engines (using unsteady gas flow), 142 Lean mixture combustion, 300-301 Losses, friction and pumping See Friction/friction losses Lubrication petroil lubrication, 12-13, 14, 470 pressure-lubricated engines, exhaust emissions of, 13,470 Mackay, D.O. development of QUB SP experimental apparatus, 172 Marine engines diesel Burmeister & Wain, 3-4 cathedral engine (Harland & Wolff), 3, 5 Sulzer (Winterthur), 4 tuned exhaust systems (three-cylinder outboard engine), 373, 374 V-8 outboard motor (OMC), 373, 375, 568 McGinnity, FA. pressure wave reflections in branched pipes, 117-119 McMullan, R.K development of QUB SP experimental apparatus, 172 Mean effective pressure concept of (discussion), 34 brake mep, defined, 37 friction mep, determination of (in engine testing), 38 pumping mep, determination of (in engine testing), 38 see also Performance measurement
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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke
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A Second Mulled Toast When as a stu
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Acknowledgments As explained in the
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Table of Contents Nomenclature xv C
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Table of Contents 2.10.1 Flow at pi
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Table of Contents 3.5.3.1 The use o
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Table of Contents 6.1.3 The effect
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Nomenclature NAME SYMBOL UNIT (SI)
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speed of rotation speed of rotation
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attenuation or transmission loss wa
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Design and Simulation ofTwo-Stroke
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Design and Simulation ofTwo'Stroke
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Chapter 4 Combustion in Two-Stroke
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Chapter 4 - Combustion in Two-Strok
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a stratilpl o tions to ivior. If m
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CD 30 -, W 20 - LU CO iS _J LU OC 1
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181 also x3 = — = 0.905 x6 = 2.17
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to be cur .3.20) .3.21) .3.22) for
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3.23) com- :on is hhas has a /eng-
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stroke .3.29) mean me to 3land ssio
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a LU z: en 3 CO a LU z EC D m O ho
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CD 1.2 -i 1.0 - di „„ LU 0.8 cc
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CO —> 111" cc LU < LU _J LU CC £
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Combustion in compression-ignition
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stroke ari more often lseful lental
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lat the ssi ;tribu- ELEVATION VIEWS
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CYLINDER HEAD TYPE IS CENTRAL BORE,
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CO E 50 40 - O O _i Hi > I CO 30 Z)
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CURRENT INPUT DATA FOR 2-STROKE 'SP
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Cylin- PP £ Pa- tics of Paper Chap
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vfitro- ;titi >tants 1970. i(In- Ch
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£2 = Pi P2 I Pi J Chapter 4 - Comb
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CHAINSAW AT 9600 rpm. Chapter 4- Co
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LLI •z. O N -z. 0.21 -, 0.20 DC 0
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Chapter 7 Reduction of Fuel Consump
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Chapter 7 • Reduction of Fuel Con
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Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel Consu
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^ s C£ Q 2^ E Q. Q_ z' o ISSI HCEM
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o > z~ Q w CO UJ w g x O z o z o m
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0.35 • 0.34 LU ° 0.33 - c 03 DC
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§ 2000
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y, ,6 Chapter 7 - Reduction of Fuel
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Chapter 7- Reduction of Fuel Consum
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INLET FOR r AIR AND FUEL Chapter 7
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o Q_ Ld < CD 15-, 10- Chapter 7 - R
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O 01 III cr cc LU Q. LU h- LU Z o N
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Chapter 8 Reduction of Noise Emissi
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Chapter 8 • Reduction of Noise Em
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Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Emis
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Chapter 8 - Reduction of Noise Emis
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Chapter 8 • Reduction of Noise Em
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Page 606 and 607: • • / . • Appendix Listing of
Page 608 and 609: Active radical (AR) combustion and
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Page 612 and 613: in two-stroke engine (schematic dia
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Page 616 and 617: I Exhaust emissions/exhaust gas ana
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Page 626 and 627: I PISTON POSITION (computer program
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Page 634 and 635: Scavenging (continued) scavenging e
Page 636 and 637: Simulation, engine See Computer mod
Page 638 and 639: temperature vs. crankshaft angle (c
Page 640 and 641: work per thermodynamic (Otto) cycle
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Design and Simulation of Two Stroke Engines

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