NATELA KHINCHIGASHVILI - Tbilisi State University

evbeel kolonistTa meSveobiT. arqeologiuri monacemebis, gansakuTrebiT
ki, etruskul samarxTa kedlis mxatvrobis mixedviT,
irkveva, rom arsebobda tirenuli sayviris ori saxeoba:
mokle rkaliseburi (religiuri-sakulto daniSnulebis) da grZeli,
swori, boloSi rkaliT (sabrZolo miznebisTvis) (palotino
1984:354) (keleri 1985:387).
mniSvnelovania, rom tirseniuli sayviri ZvelberZnul dramaSic
figurirebs _ esqiles `evmenidebSi~ (569-572), sofokles
`aiasSi~ (14-17), da evripides `heraklidebSi~ (830-831).
sayuradReboa, rom pirvel or SemTxvevaSi tirseniuli sayviri
ukavSirdeba qalRmerT aTenas. esqilesTan aTena macnes ubrZanebs,
rom Cahberos mas, xolo sofoklesTan odisevsi sayviris
JReradobas aTenas xmas adarebs:
420
`o, nuTu mesmis (xma) RmerTebidan CemTvis usayvarlesis?
diax, es Sen xar, Tumc uxilavi xar,
xma mesmis da ipyrobs igi suls.
rogorc spilenZisTaviani tirseniuli (sayviri)~.
(esqile 1957:569-572).
Cveni azriT, esqilesa da sofoklesTan aTenas da tirseniuli
sayviris erT konteqstSi gamoyeneba araa SemTxveviTi da swored
pavsaniasTan moyvanili miTis gamoZaxils warmoadgens.
kidev erTi personaJis Sesaxeb, romelic pavsaniasTan dadasturebul
am TqmulebaSia naxsenebi _ esaa herakle, romlis Sviladac
saxeldebulia tirsenosi.
heraklesTan dakavSirebiT, ufro sworad, mis romaul da etruskul
Sesatyvisebze, Cven sagangebod SevCerdiT gamokvlevaSi
`italieli herakle~ (kobaxiZe 2004:174-182). gairkva, rom etruskuli
herkle, ori qronologiuri fenisgan Sedgeba. erTi _ ber-
Znuli herakles miTologiur wreSi trialebs _ larnakis ferweraSi
Cven vxedavT herkles, romelic ibrZvis nemeur hidras-
Tan, lomTan, piTonebsa da aqeloosTan, xolo meore _ qronologiurad
ufro arqauli, berZnuli miTebisTvis ucnob siuJetebSi
CarTul herkles icnobs da xmelTaSuazRvispireTis
uZveles araindoevropul mosaxleobaSi popularul RvTaebas
miemarTeba.
amasTan, etruskuli herkle bevrgan menrvas (minervas, aTenas)
meuRled Tu satrfod warmogvidgeba (kristofani 1999:136).
sayuradReboa, rom herklesTan dakavSirebiT etruskul mi-
TebSi aris versia, rom igi etruskTa modgmis damfuZnebelia. es
miTi strabonTan da dionise halikarnaselTanaa dadasturebuli
(straboni 1888:V, 2, 2(29) (dionise halikarnaseli 2001:I, 28, 1).
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT,
rom pavsaniasTan moyvanili siuJeti unda asaxavdes herakles Se-