Økologisk oksekødsproduktion baseret på tyrekalve fra ...

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Vaarst, M. 2000. Omlægning til økologisk drift set <strong>fra</strong> dyrlægens og konsulenters synsvinkel. I " Sundhed, velfærd og medicinanvendelse ved omlægning til økologisk mælkeproduktion." FØJO-rapport nr. 6. FØJO, Foulum. 15-46. Vestergaard, M., Oksbejerg, N. & Henckel, P. 2000a. Influence of feeding intensity, grazing and finishing feeding on muscle fibre characteristics and meat colour of semitendinosus, long.dorsi and supraspinatus muscles of young bulls. Meat Science 54: 177-85. Vestergaard, M., Therkildsen, M., Henckel, P., Jensen, L.R., Andersen, H.R. & Sejrsen, K. 2000b. Influence of feeding level, grazing and finishing feeding on meat and eating quality of young bulls and the relationship between muscle fibre characteristics, fibre <strong>fra</strong>gmentation and meat tenderness. Meat Science 54: 187-95. Webster, A.J.F. 1989. Bioenergetics, bioengineering and growth. Animal Production 48: 249- 69. Wright, I.A., Russel, A.J.F. & Hunter, E.A. 1986. The effect of winter food level on compensatory growth of weaned, suckled calves grazed at two sward heights. Animal Production 43: 211-23. 88
Abstract This report deals with organic beef production based on dairy bull calves and consists partly of a literature study and models for steer production and partly of a study with interviews and a questionnaire answered by organic farmers. The main objectives of the study were to (1) quantify how many dairy farmers sell bull calves to fattening on other farms, in particular conventional farms, (2) to examine reasons for selling the bull calves, (3) to provide data on already existing beef production and (4) to examine how to support organic beef production based on bull calves in the future. Ten organic dairy farmers were interviewed in February 1999. The questionnaire was sent in October 1999 to all organic dairy farms in Denmark (n=671) and 168 plant breeders with an existing beef production or with a potential for beef production. The interview and the questionnaire included management procedures, all aspects of selling young bull calves, housing facilities, feeding strategies etc. Farmers’ attitudes to beef production were assessed focusing on perceived limiting factors and ethics. Models for steer production were developed and analyzed including strategies with intensive and extensive grazing. Results showed, that 71% of the dairy farmers either sell all bull calves to fattening on other farms or kill the bull calves (10%). Only a few farmers sell bull calves to organic farms (11%). However the majority of these farmers (59%) wished to keep the bull calves on their own farm if feasible. The main problems of keeping the calves in order of decreasing importance were: lack of stall capacity, expected poor production economy and shortage of own foodstuffs. This confirmed the results from the interviews. Beef production based on their own bull calves had been started on 29% of the dairy farms with all or some of the bull calves. The main reason for keeping the bull calves on the farm was the wish for a holistic production system. Most of the farmers that kept the bull calves, had steer production (66%). Steers were preferred due to high rate of utilization of roughage, the capacity to graze marginal areas and their calm temperament. Marginal areas were utilized for beef production on 59% of the farms. A mean fattening period of 2.7 months with 3.6 kg cereals/day before slaughtering was typical, based on data from 69% of the farms with steers. Steers were slaughtered at an average liveweight of 539 kg at a mean age of 24.6 months. Organic beef production may be stimulated by documentation of the economic results for steer production. This should be done with theoretical models and practical farm studies, to give the farmers a realistic impression of the economic possibilities. Models showed, that a production with grazing on clover grass pastures within crop rotation can give a net return of 600 DKr/steer more than production with grazing on marginal areas with lower grass quality. At present, calculations showed that organic steer production give a higher net return than bulls under given assumptions, and an organic steer production can compete with an conventional bull production. Subsidies are a great part of the gross proceeds (28%) and the production should be arranged in such a way, that these subsidies and the premiums received for 89
Page 1 and 2:
Økologisk oksekødsproduktion base
Page 3:
Forord Det er kun omkring 25 procen
Page 6 and 7:
5 Spørgeskemaundersøgelse: Produk
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holde kalvene på egen bedrift. Gen
Page 11 and 12:
1 Baggrund og formål Produktion af
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2 Økologisk studeproduktion 2.1 In
Page 15 and 16:
Fødselstidspunkt Stude, som slagte
Page 17 and 18:
Kastrationsmetode Ved kastration i
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som blev kastreret løbende fra 7 t
Page 21 and 22:
de forsøg i Danmark har stude fra
Page 23 and 24:
(Große et al., 1991; Dufey & Chamb
Page 25 and 26:
Tabel 2.5 Eksempel på beregning af
Page 27 and 28:
af forrentning i db. Det understreg
Page 29 and 30:
Dækningsbidrag, kr./ produceret st
Page 31:
Slagtevægten er afgørende for bå
Page 34 and 35:
forståelse, som indgår i dialogen
Page 36 and 37:
5 landmænd havde overvejet insemin
Page 38 and 39: Fire gårde med studeproduktion På
Page 40 and 41: 3.4 Diskussion - interview Landmæn
Page 42 and 43: 3.5 Sammenfatning - interview Plads
Page 44 and 45: Figur 3.2 Dækningsbidrag pr. ha fo
Page 46 and 47: 46 Dækningsbidrag kr/stud 6000 550
Page 48 and 49: 3.8 Konklusioner Landmændene ønsk
Page 50 and 51: - alle leverandører af økologisk
Page 52 and 53: duktionen påvirkes af, om der prod
Page 54 and 55: mer godt overens med denne undersø
Page 56 and 57: 56 % af bedrifter 40 30 20 10 0 fø
Page 58 and 59: 58 % af bedrifter 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 60 and 61: 4.6 Holdninger til produktionstyper
Page 62 and 63: 4.7 Hvorfor sælges tyrekalve på m
Page 64 and 65: 64 Jeg ville købe øko-foder Jeg v
Page 66 and 67: produktion kun er anvendt i mindre
Page 70 and 71: Tabel 5.1 Antal bedrifter, som anve
Page 72 and 73: Tabel 5.5 Fodermidler anvendt i slu
Page 76 and 77: egyndes senere eller selve slutfedn
Page 78 and 79: Modelberegningerne fra forskellige
Page 80 and 81: Produktion af slagtekalve eller ung
Page 82 and 83: Anonym. 1998. Koncept for økologis
Page 84 and 85: Fisher, A.D, Crowe, M.A., Varga, M.
Page 86 and 87: Mehlbye, J., Rieper, O. & Togeby, M
Page 90 and 91: organic meat (18%) are achieved. Ad
Page 92 and 93: Appendiks B Modeller for produktion
Page 94 and 95: Tabel B3 Økonomi i økologisk stud
Page 96 and 97: Appendiks D Ungtyre Tabel D Prisfor
Page 98 and 99: Appendiks F Kappa-statistik Tabel F
Page 100 and 101: Tabel F3 Overensstemmelse mellem f
Page 102 and 103: Spørgeskema om produktion af økol
Page 112: Spørgeskema om produktion af økol
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