The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact - ELTE BTK Történelem Szakos Portál

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of a war interesting rather on civil défense (circulation times, lights out).There is only one article in the department which deals with communist’s condamnation dated from the 3th of September. It relates several arrests of communists in Boucau, Anglet or Bayonne for illegal propaganda on the territory and more particulary on Gurs’s camp. This is what is called „communist purge” 3 . We can futhermore note that the Prefect of Basses Pyrénées ordered to confiscate and to cut all the copies of the communist newspaper from the 30/08 4 . We can add that at the same time, communist propaganda is systematicaly repressed. For example, the 28/08/1939, Hendaye’s policemen slashed five posters requiring „a front of peace with URSS”, posted in the city by the French association of URSS friends coming from Paris. 5 The censorship goes increasing to reach essentially communist camp. Pyrénéens communists are beyond by the Pact but they go on defending their idol and chief Staline. However, many youngs communists of Biarritz’s section have been very surprised by the non aggression Pact between Staline and Hitler and have thrown their badge as a symbol. 6 In the Basses Pyrénées, the administration have to run not only French communists but also the propaganda of Spanish communists who are refuged in the departemnt or coop up in the Gurs’ camp until the phenomenon called „la retirada”. 7 For a few mounths, international relationships make debate between the different political parties present in the departement. On july, the opposition between Communist Party which has its head office in Boucau and the fascist French popular party, appears during a conference at Oloron Sainte Marie. One of the participant in favor of an alliance between France, England and URSS accuses „Mister Hitler has taken advantage of French division to occupy Rhenanie”. An other declares that France and England don’t give to URSS any guarantees in case of an attack and claims that the PSF (extremist party) apply a policy of treason to France. After the 23/08, Communist party of Basses Pyrénées carries on a propaganda to support Staline, posters are multipying : „Nothing is possible whithout URSS”, „Get together”, „French politicians make Nazis game”. With the announcement of the pact, communists pamphlets try to explain to the community Staline’s gesture, position. 3 Article of the third of september in 1939 published in the Patriote of Pyrénées, relating the arrests of 12 communists to have carry communists and anti-governmental tracts. 4 Main city of department act coming from the Prefect of Basses Pyrénées adressed to Pau’s police superintendent and to the special superintendant in charge of Gurs’camp supervision. Source: main city department act, départemental archives of Pau: collection M; 1M80. 5 Main city of department act coming from Hendaye’s police station for Basses Pyénées prefect. Source: main city department act, départemental archives of Pau: collection M; 1M80. 6 Basses Pyrénées’prefect’s mail to Ministry. Source: main city of department act; collection M; departmental archives of PAU; 1M78. 7 „La Retirada”: phenomenon whitch beguns in january and february in 1939 since General Franco’s seizure of power in Spain. Many political refugees came to France, more particulary in Basses Pyrénées, located on the border of both countries. It will lead to the building of refugees camp in the region. The first is the Gurs’one. 132
It is the purpose of one tract found in Bayonne the 28/08/1939: „French citizens. The Nazi-Soviet non aggression Pact is a strong act of peace. It breaks the fascist aggressors block. For the first time, it forces Hitler to capitulate at twice: in his ideology and in his imperialist designs on Poland. Moreover, URSS has not denied the mutual assistance pact with France. With the Nazi- Soviet pact, URSS has given a first stop to the war. But these ones (talking about Daladier’s government) have shamfully hand over Republican Spain and cowardly betray Munich, and seeing their plans againts Soviets revealed, by the fear of their big responsability, as thiefs unmasked, crying wrongfully to treason, and with the help of the eternal rotten press, and corrupted one, draw up a destruction plan against communists in the hope of ruin them and break workers unity and stop social progress. Communists, who are ready to accomplish all the duties required by Nation defense, contest with vigour the illegal abolishment of Humanity realized by fear of truth, and being quietly united, strongly scream: Long live To the democratic France. -- to URSS. -- to the working class union”. 8 At the same time, PC’s meetings are multipying in the department while communists are openly considered as treacherous. The 26/08/1939, an important meeting is organized at Boucau. One of the participant declares that the Nazi-Soviet Pact is a new evidence of Staline’s will to save peace. In another meeting, is explained that the Ribbentrop- Molotov pact is not a pact of union and that’s why it is not a treason. 9 However, during the days following the Nazi-Soviet Pact, the arrests are numerous. The first communist arrested is André Moine, head of Boucau’s communist section the 30/08 because of defeatist comments and malicious actions against government. 10 The 02/09/1939, there will be many searches in the department; will be arrested nine communists in Boucau as the mayor of the city, his son and the deputy mayor, all arrested to have hand out tracts; 3 in Anglet one of them beeing the deputy mayor with 2 local councilors; 2 in Bayonne and one in Tarnos. 11 8 Tracts posted by communist party of Basses pyrénées. Five copies were found in Bayonne the 28th of august in 1939 and were sent by Bayonne’s police superintendent to the Bassses pyrénées’prefect who inquired the Ministry about it. Source: main city department act, départemental archives of Pau: collection M; 1M81. 9 Meeting in rection to the Nazi Soviet Pact. The second one was secret because of the prefectoral ban. Description of the meeting by the police super intendent of Boucau to the prefect of Basses Pyrénées. Source: main city department act and newspapaers’ answers: collection M. 10 André Moine: local councilor of Boucau; regional secretary of communist party, he also belonged to the comity of distribution of L’Etincelle. Arrested the 30th of august in 1939, he would have encouraged military force to desobey orders. He would have said „Dont’move or Staline was right when he signed the Pact with Hitler”. Source: main city department act, départemental archives of Pau: collection M; 1M80. 11 Arrests and searches of the 2 nd of september in 1939. 12 arrests: mayor of Boucau Mister Lanusse, his son, the deputy mayor of Boucau Mister Landabourre; the deputy mayor of Anglet Mister Laporte and two local councilors of the same town. In a main city department act are reported, since the 26 th of august in 1939, 69 searches; arrests of 18 individuals ecause of defeatist comments and 133
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ISBN 978-963-284-164-9
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Unknown Clauses: The Background Dea
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CONTENTS Foreword (István MAJOROS,
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Foreword The world remembers in 200
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The Historical Judgement of the Mol
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went often on emotional instead of
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What is much more interesting is th
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such an international agreement as
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Text of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggress
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Done in duplicate, in the German an
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Lachaise, Bernard Historiography of
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Relations) are the focus of special
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Russian agreement (…) would allow
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Europe and on the French communists
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adopted a stance of denying the fac
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Ortolan, Guillaume The 70 th annive
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government (more than twenty) came,
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War. On the contrary, it shows that
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this anniversary and more widely of
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interesting: „Illusions. In summe
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Kretschmann, Vasco The ideological
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One of the most influential associa
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Germanness in the provinces of West
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Prętkiewicz, Przemysław The syste
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interwar period and the treaty was
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situation of rising danger accepted
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Manchukuo and broke relations with
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I would like to finish my article w
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party itself but for the whole Slov
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In summary, the group of the „Mod
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make proposals or suggestions. 6 In
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(Aland), Hanko and the islands of t
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have had a less serious effect on t
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not expect strong resistance and ho
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Winkler, Paul Adolf Eichmann’s Vi
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individual offenders, 10 who used h
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esearch. But how could the suppress
Page 83 and 84: expert of this matter 29 and had as
Page 85 and 86: Arendt on the contrary is in the op
Page 87 and 88: the „matter”, where there was a
Page 89 and 90: adoption of the model it became cle
Page 91 and 92: of Eichmann. For that Heydrich deli
Page 93: esistance […] but of logistics. N
Page 96 and 97: British government refused to give
Page 98 and 99: ole in the defence of Madrid in Nov
Page 100 and 101: public doubt the democratic idea of
Page 102 and 103: Republicans. In the refugee camps i
Page 104 and 105: 102
Page 106 and 107: iron? Where can one find more nicke
Page 108 and 109: According to his diaries, the main
Page 110 and 111: announced: „We have no active all
Page 112 and 113: 110
Page 114 and 115: negative, an analysis of the disapp
Page 116 and 117: can let think of an imminent war po
Page 118 and 119: de la guerre [il] ne fait que l'agg
Page 120 and 121: Party), the enemy of the inside. Of
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Page 124 and 125: Before the Pact M. Coulondre, the F
Page 126 and 127: Lets us skip a few decades and list
Page 128 and 129: argain with. Hitler had an offer th
Page 130 and 131: secret protocol clarified that the
Page 132 and 133: to reach out for Russia through the
Page 136 and 137: At the same moment, we can note an
Page 138 and 139: Faure 2 , remains hostile to war. I
Page 140 and 141: war can still be avoided in June 19
Page 142 and 143: acked by a „belligerent” coalit
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Page 146 and 147: agreement” sound anachronistic. E
Page 148 and 149: 1939 between Germany and the Soviet
Page 150 and 151: Two ideas emerge from the press: on
Page 152 and 153: soviets didn’t have motive. Blum
Page 154 and 155: Moscow's line, with the national an
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Page 158 and 159: 2.000 German speaking inhabitants).
Page 160 and 161: The Eastern Polish border was not r
Page 162 and 163: Army. The mayor of Lviv did not wan
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Page 166 and 167: Budapest, and for Warsaw. The two c
Page 168 and 169: could not destroy the Polish Air Fo
Page 170 and 171: independence, Romania was forced to
Page 172 and 173: importance for the events considere
Page 174 and 175: possible future opposition to the S
Page 176 and 177: ate of communists within the Jews o
Page 178 and 179: the initial positive feeling toward
Page 180 and 181: wanted to take revenge for the NKVD
Page 182 and 183: German Reactions A last point that
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The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact - ELTE BTK Történelem Szakos Portál

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