The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact - ELTE BTK Történelem Szakos Portál

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international organisations such as United Nations, NATO, OSCE, Council of Europe, European Union, Central European Initiative or Visegrad Group ensure countries about their safety. On the other hand nowadays the biggest threat is not a direct military action as it was before, but rather an economical threat or incidental attacks pursued for example by terroristic organisations. Concerning economical problems, one of the most significant is the problem of energy sources and the possible threat for Central Europe is the dependence from Russian gas and oil. Some countries like Slovakia suffered in the last years because of gas transport problems in Ukraine. The idea of diversification the sources and ways of getting energy seems to be the key for the economy and stability of those countries. Some people suggest that the project of Nord Stream is the new version of Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. This is absolutely an exaggerated opinion. Of course the realisation of the economical connection between Russia and Germany over the heads of Central Europeans is a kind of possible threat, but in my opinion especially Russia cannot resign from such an important market for its goods as Central Europe. In my opinion we must consider Russia, and Russia considers Central Europe, as a partner and this point of view will rise in power. I have already mentioned the international terrorism as a potential threat more similar to typical military action, but only because of the possibility of losses in men. The way of acting is different then at typical war, rather similar to partisan, but not same. Also the ways of preventing are different, so we can hardly base on the experiences from the past. The experiences we can get from the interwar period and the situation on the eve of the WWII are rather general. In my opinion the most important thing for strengthening peace and stability is developing multiple alliances and entering many countries as possible into cooperation. We should also take care of the organizations representing interests of groups such as minorities, religion groups, nations without countries or other which do not have the direct political representation. The developing of the forums of ideas and values exchange might positively affect on creating peaceful relations. We should avoid the possibility of forming blocks and dividing countries. What is more in my opinion the international organizations need to have concrete aims rather than the general aims. I understand that the idea of peace is right, but the organizations such as UN need to form the idea of developing peace through the defined, specific actions. They should also get the instruments for implementing their policies, unlike League of Nations which had no possibility to impact countries striving to act in a military way. Concerning this aspect, organisations like NATO or EU seems to be well developed, of course in different aspects – NATO in military aspect and EU in economic. Despite this both of them still need improvements. However there are still many organizations without enough strong instruments of influencing such as UN, OSCE or V4, which need many improvements to have the real impact on membership countries or their area of interest. 58
I would like to finish my article with the quotation from the Charter of the United Nations, where there is said that nations need ‘to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security’. This is just a statement, the real possible impact may be only the effect of action, but here we have the ground for acting in order to get these goals. 59
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ISBN 978-963-284-164-9
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Unknown Clauses: The Background Dea
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CONTENTS Foreword (István MAJOROS,
Page 9 and 10: Foreword The world remembers in 200
Page 11: The Historical Judgement of the Mol
Page 14 and 15: went often on emotional instead of
Page 16 and 17: What is much more interesting is th
Page 18 and 19: such an international agreement as
Page 20 and 21: Text of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggress
Page 22 and 23: Done in duplicate, in the German an
Page 25 and 26: Lachaise, Bernard Historiography of
Page 27 and 28: Relations) are the focus of special
Page 29 and 30: Russian agreement (…) would allow
Page 31 and 32: Europe and on the French communists
Page 33 and 34: adopted a stance of denying the fac
Page 35 and 36: Ortolan, Guillaume The 70 th annive
Page 37 and 38: government (more than twenty) came,
Page 39 and 40: War. On the contrary, it shows that
Page 41 and 42: this anniversary and more widely of
Page 43: interesting: „Illusions. In summe
Page 47 and 48: Kretschmann, Vasco The ideological
Page 49 and 50: One of the most influential associa
Page 51 and 52: Germanness in the provinces of West
Page 53 and 54: Prętkiewicz, Przemysław The syste
Page 55 and 56: interwar period and the treaty was
Page 57 and 58: situation of rising danger accepted
Page 59: Manchukuo and broke relations with
Page 64 and 65: party itself but for the whole Slov
Page 66 and 67: In summary, the group of the „Mod
Page 68 and 69: make proposals or suggestions. 6 In
Page 70 and 71: (Aland), Hanko and the islands of t
Page 72 and 73: have had a less serious effect on t
Page 74 and 75: not expect strong resistance and ho
Page 77 and 78: Winkler, Paul Adolf Eichmann’s Vi
Page 79 and 80: individual offenders, 10 who used h
Page 81 and 82: esearch. But how could the suppress
Page 83 and 84: expert of this matter 29 and had as
Page 85 and 86: Arendt on the contrary is in the op
Page 87 and 88: the „matter”, where there was a
Page 89 and 90: adoption of the model it became cle
Page 91 and 92: of Eichmann. For that Heydrich deli
Page 93: esistance […] but of logistics. N
Page 96 and 97: British government refused to give
Page 98 and 99: ole in the defence of Madrid in Nov
Page 100 and 101: public doubt the democratic idea of
Page 102 and 103: Republicans. In the refugee camps i
Page 104 and 105: 102
Page 106 and 107: iron? Where can one find more nicke
Page 108 and 109: According to his diaries, the main
Page 110 and 111:
announced: „We have no active all
Page 112 and 113:
110
Page 114 and 115:
negative, an analysis of the disapp
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can let think of an imminent war po
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de la guerre [il] ne fait que l'agg
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Party), the enemy of the inside. Of
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120
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Before the Pact M. Coulondre, the F
Page 126 and 127:
Lets us skip a few decades and list
Page 128 and 129:
argain with. Hitler had an offer th
Page 130 and 131:
secret protocol clarified that the
Page 132 and 133:
to reach out for Russia through the
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of a war interesting rather on civi
Page 136 and 137:
At the same moment, we can note an
Page 138 and 139:
Faure 2 , remains hostile to war. I
Page 140 and 141:
war can still be avoided in June 19
Page 142 and 143:
acked by a „belligerent” coalit
Page 144 and 145:
142
Page 146 and 147:
agreement” sound anachronistic. E
Page 148 and 149:
1939 between Germany and the Soviet
Page 150 and 151:
Two ideas emerge from the press: on
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soviets didn’t have motive. Blum
Page 154 and 155:
Moscow's line, with the national an
Page 156 and 157:
154
Page 158 and 159:
2.000 German speaking inhabitants).
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The Eastern Polish border was not r
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Army. The mayor of Lviv did not wan
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162
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Budapest, and for Warsaw. The two c
Page 168 and 169:
could not destroy the Polish Air Fo
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independence, Romania was forced to
Page 172 and 173:
importance for the events considere
Page 174 and 175:
possible future opposition to the S
Page 176 and 177:
ate of communists within the Jews o
Page 178 and 179:
the initial positive feeling toward
Page 180 and 181:
wanted to take revenge for the NKVD
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German Reactions A last point that
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