The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact - ELTE BTK Történelem Szakos Portál

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Text of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact The Government of the German Reich and The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics desirous of strengthening the cause of peace between Germany and the U.S.S.R., and proceeding from the fundamental provisions of the Neutrality Agreement concluded in April, 1926 between Germany and the U.S.S.R., have reached the following Agreement: Article I. Both High Contracting Parties obligate themselves to desist from any act of violence, any aggressive action, and any attack on each other, either individually or jointly with other Powers. Article II. Should one of the High Contracting Parties become the object of belligerent action by a third Power, the other High Contracting Party shall in no manner lend its support to this third Power. Article III. The Governments of the two High Contracting Parties shall in the future maintain continual contact with one another for the purpose of consultation in order to exchange information on problems affecting their common interests. Article IV. Should disputes or conflicts arise between the High Contracting Parties shall participate in any grouping of Powers whatsoever that is directly or indirectly aimed at the other party. Article V. Should disputes or conflicts arise between the High Contracting Parties over problems of one kind or another, both parties shall settle these disputes or conflicts exclusively through friendly exchange of opinion or, if necessary, through the establishment of arbitration commissions. Article VI. The present Treaty is concluded for a period of ten years, with the proviso that, in so far as one of the High Contracting Parties does not advance it one year prior to the expiration of this period, the validity of this Treaty shall automatically be extended for another five years. Article VII. The present treaty shall be ratified within the shortest possible time. The ratifications shall be exchanged in Berlin. The Agreement shall enter into force as soon as it is signed. Secret Additional Protocol Article I. In the event of a territorial and political rearrangement in the areas belonging to the Baltic States (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), the northern boundary of Lithuania shall represent the boundary of the spheres of influence of Germany and U.S.S.R. In this connection the interest of Lithuania in the Vilna area is recognized by each party. Article II. In the event of a territorial and political rearrangement of the areas belonging to the Polish state, the spheres of influence of Germany and the U.S.S.R. shall be bounded approximately by the line of the rivers Narev, Vistula and San. 18
The question of whether the interests of both parties make desirable the maintenance of an independent Polish States and how such a state should be bounded can only be definitely determined in the course of further political developments. In any event both Governments will resolve this question by means of a friendly agreement. Article III. With regard to Southeastern Europe attention is called by the Soviet side to its interest in Bessarabia. The German side declares its complete political disinteredness in these areas. Article IV. This protocol shall be treated by both parties as strictly secret. Moscow, August 23, 1939. For the Government of the German Reich v. Ribbentrop Plenipotentiary of the Government of the U.S.S.R. V. Molotov * * BOUNDARY AND FRIENDSHIP TREATY BETWEEN GERMANY AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS The Government of the German Reich and the Government of the U.S.S.R. consider it as exclusively their task, after the collapse of the former Polish state, to re-establish peace and order in these territories and to assure to the peoples living there a peaceful life in keeping with their national character. To this end, they have agreed upon the following: Article I. The Government of the German Reich and the Government of the U.S.S.R. determine as the boundary of their respective national interests in the territory of the former Polish state the line marked on the attached map, which shall be described in more detail in a supplementary protocol. Article II. Both Parties recognize the boundary of the respective national interests established in Article I. as definitive and shall reject any interference of third powers in this settlement. Article III. The necessary reorganization of public administration will be effected in the areas west of the line specified in article I by the Government of the German Reich, in the areas east of this line by the Government of the U.S.S.R. Article IV. The Government of the German Reich and the Government of the U.S.S.R. regard this settlement as a firm foundation for a progressive development of the friendly relations between their peoples. Article V. This Treaty shall be ratified and the ratifications shall be exchanged in Berlin as soon as possible. The Treaty becomes effective upon signature. 19
Page 2 and 3: ISBN 978-963-284-164-9
Page 5 and 6: Unknown Clauses: The Background Dea
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Foreword (István MAJOROS,
Page 9 and 10: Foreword The world remembers in 200
Page 11: The Historical Judgement of the Mol
Page 14 and 15: went often on emotional instead of
Page 16 and 17: What is much more interesting is th
Page 18 and 19: such an international agreement as
Page 22 and 23: Done in duplicate, in the German an
Page 25 and 26: Lachaise, Bernard Historiography of
Page 27 and 28: Relations) are the focus of special
Page 29 and 30: Russian agreement (…) would allow
Page 31 and 32: Europe and on the French communists
Page 33 and 34: adopted a stance of denying the fac
Page 35 and 36: Ortolan, Guillaume The 70 th annive
Page 37 and 38: government (more than twenty) came,
Page 39 and 40: War. On the contrary, it shows that
Page 41 and 42: this anniversary and more widely of
Page 43: interesting: „Illusions. In summe
Page 47 and 48: Kretschmann, Vasco The ideological
Page 49 and 50: One of the most influential associa
Page 51 and 52: Germanness in the provinces of West
Page 53 and 54: Prętkiewicz, Przemysław The syste
Page 55 and 56: interwar period and the treaty was
Page 57 and 58: situation of rising danger accepted
Page 59 and 60: Manchukuo and broke relations with
Page 61: I would like to finish my article w
Page 64 and 65: party itself but for the whole Slov
Page 66 and 67: In summary, the group of the „Mod
Page 68 and 69: make proposals or suggestions. 6 In
Page 70 and 71:
(Aland), Hanko and the islands of t
Page 72 and 73:
have had a less serious effect on t
Page 74 and 75:
not expect strong resistance and ho
Page 77 and 78:
Winkler, Paul Adolf Eichmann’s Vi
Page 79 and 80:
individual offenders, 10 who used h
Page 81 and 82:
esearch. But how could the suppress
Page 83 and 84:
expert of this matter 29 and had as
Page 85 and 86:
Arendt on the contrary is in the op
Page 87 and 88:
the „matter”, where there was a
Page 89 and 90:
adoption of the model it became cle
Page 91 and 92:
of Eichmann. For that Heydrich deli
Page 93:
esistance […] but of logistics. N
Page 96 and 97:
British government refused to give
Page 98 and 99:
ole in the defence of Madrid in Nov
Page 100 and 101:
public doubt the democratic idea of
Page 102 and 103:
Republicans. In the refugee camps i
Page 104 and 105:
102
Page 106 and 107:
iron? Where can one find more nicke
Page 108 and 109:
According to his diaries, the main
Page 110 and 111:
announced: „We have no active all
Page 112 and 113:
110
Page 114 and 115:
negative, an analysis of the disapp
Page 116 and 117:
can let think of an imminent war po
Page 118 and 119:
de la guerre [il] ne fait que l'agg
Page 120 and 121:
Party), the enemy of the inside. Of
Page 122 and 123:
120
Page 124 and 125:
Before the Pact M. Coulondre, the F
Page 126 and 127:
Lets us skip a few decades and list
Page 128 and 129:
argain with. Hitler had an offer th
Page 130 and 131:
secret protocol clarified that the
Page 132 and 133:
to reach out for Russia through the
Page 134 and 135:
of a war interesting rather on civi
Page 136 and 137:
At the same moment, we can note an
Page 138 and 139:
Faure 2 , remains hostile to war. I
Page 140 and 141:
war can still be avoided in June 19
Page 142 and 143:
acked by a „belligerent” coalit
Page 144 and 145:
142
Page 146 and 147:
agreement” sound anachronistic. E
Page 148 and 149:
1939 between Germany and the Soviet
Page 150 and 151:
Two ideas emerge from the press: on
Page 152 and 153:
soviets didn’t have motive. Blum
Page 154 and 155:
Moscow's line, with the national an
Page 156 and 157:
154
Page 158 and 159:
2.000 German speaking inhabitants).
Page 160 and 161:
The Eastern Polish border was not r
Page 162 and 163:
Army. The mayor of Lviv did not wan
Page 164 and 165:
162
Page 166 and 167:
Budapest, and for Warsaw. The two c
Page 168 and 169:
could not destroy the Polish Air Fo
Page 170 and 171:
independence, Romania was forced to
Page 172 and 173:
importance for the events considere
Page 174 and 175:
possible future opposition to the S
Page 176 and 177:
ate of communists within the Jews o
Page 178 and 179:
the initial positive feeling toward
Page 180 and 181:
wanted to take revenge for the NKVD
Page 182 and 183:
German Reactions A last point that
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The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact - ELTE BTK Történelem Szakos Portál

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