The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact - ELTE BTK Történelem Szakos Portál

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1939 between Germany and the Soviet Union in which both countries commit themselves in not aiming for the other one in exchange of sharing Poland” 8 . To conclude, the French school books have explained the Nazi-Soviet Pact between 1945 up to today in a different way. Chronologically, this is from 1945 to 1960, the historical events are privileged even if this secret treaty is not explained in a very detailed manner. Then in between 1970 and 1980 we observe a break through in the way of teaching History, written documents and iconographies are inserted in the lesson. Since the years 1990, we see a loss of simply narrating history towards a profound reflection on totalitarianism. The German-Russian agreement is put forward thanks to an extensive documentary corpus full of questions. The treaty has been taught in a continuous way even if the ways of explaining this event were different. Nevertheless, we can say that, because of the absence of texts written by historians in the school books, they are very little influenced by the different historical events that took place during the studied period. Education takes into account the evolution in historical research on the subject. And like I mentioned before it can also be subject to the choice of the teacher, who according to his habits and also according to his political position, uses the school books or not. 8 LE QUINTREC, Guillaume: Histoire première S. Nathan, Paris, 2003. 321. 146
Richaud, Romain Politics’ reaction from a left-wing department about the German- Soviet Pact In the south of the country, The Landes department was firmly left-wing. Until the 1930’S, the radicalism was holding the department. During these years, the political deal changed lightly. In big cities like Dax extreme right leagues are created and in front of this, antifascist committees were born offently led by communists. The Communists are strongly established in cities of Tarnos and Boucau, symbol of the worker class with the Forges de l’Adour and the Iron Work, in the south of the department. A breeding ground in wich we can find the executive of the party. In the same time, the socialists are in a full expansion: in 1936, Charles Lamarque Cando became the first socialist elected in the Council Department. In 1936, the Popular Front won the legislative elections in France, in most departments and in the Landes too. The department got one socialist deputy and three radical-socialist deputies. We can object that the republican democracy played for them, the popular assembly and the left in general. Radicalism kept the first place even if socialists were growing up and communists held their position. However, quickly there is disunity. Every formation goes back to its position. In their weekly, Le Travailleur Landais, The Socialists denounce the radical-socialists too much attached to private property while they refuse to work with the communists in the council department. The Communists who write in L’Etincelle against radicals, newspaper published in the Basses Pyrénées. The latter defended themselves and criticized the other parties in „Le Républicain Landais” and „Le Démocrate”. It’s now interesting to wonder how they reacted to the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact in august 1939 after a lot of negotiations between the different governments. First we will look at the immediate reactions in local socialist and radical-socialist newspapers. Then, we will analyse the explanations that people at the time tried to find to the signing of that pact. Finally, we will deal with the tensions between the different parties, and especially with what was to become the „communist problem” 1 . Between astonishment and obviousness Jean Paul Brunet had shown that newspapers from the right and left agreed with the idea that pact was a considerable event. However there is no doubt that in our department URSS is the most criticized. 2 1 La Petite Gironde, 28 août 1939. 2 BRUNET, Jean Paul: La presse française et le pacte germano-soviétique (août 1939). In: Relations Internationales, 1974, n°2. 187-212. 147
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ISBN 978-963-284-164-9
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Unknown Clauses: The Background Dea
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CONTENTS Foreword (István MAJOROS,
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Foreword The world remembers in 200
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The Historical Judgement of the Mol
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went often on emotional instead of
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What is much more interesting is th
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such an international agreement as
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Text of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggress
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Done in duplicate, in the German an
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Lachaise, Bernard Historiography of
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Relations) are the focus of special
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Russian agreement (…) would allow
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Europe and on the French communists
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adopted a stance of denying the fac
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Ortolan, Guillaume The 70 th annive
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government (more than twenty) came,
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War. On the contrary, it shows that
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this anniversary and more widely of
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interesting: „Illusions. In summe
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Kretschmann, Vasco The ideological
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One of the most influential associa
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Germanness in the provinces of West
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Prętkiewicz, Przemysław The syste
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interwar period and the treaty was
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situation of rising danger accepted
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Manchukuo and broke relations with
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I would like to finish my article w
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party itself but for the whole Slov
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In summary, the group of the „Mod
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make proposals or suggestions. 6 In
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(Aland), Hanko and the islands of t
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have had a less serious effect on t
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not expect strong resistance and ho
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Winkler, Paul Adolf Eichmann’s Vi
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individual offenders, 10 who used h
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esearch. But how could the suppress
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expert of this matter 29 and had as
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Arendt on the contrary is in the op
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the „matter”, where there was a
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adoption of the model it became cle
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of Eichmann. For that Heydrich deli
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esistance […] but of logistics. N
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British government refused to give
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Page 100 and 101: public doubt the democratic idea of
Page 102 and 103: Republicans. In the refugee camps i
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Page 106 and 107: iron? Where can one find more nicke
Page 108 and 109: According to his diaries, the main
Page 110 and 111: announced: „We have no active all
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Page 114 and 115: negative, an analysis of the disapp
Page 116 and 117: can let think of an imminent war po
Page 118 and 119: de la guerre [il] ne fait que l'agg
Page 120 and 121: Party), the enemy of the inside. Of
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Page 124 and 125: Before the Pact M. Coulondre, the F
Page 126 and 127: Lets us skip a few decades and list
Page 128 and 129: argain with. Hitler had an offer th
Page 130 and 131: secret protocol clarified that the
Page 132 and 133: to reach out for Russia through the
Page 134 and 135: of a war interesting rather on civi
Page 136 and 137: At the same moment, we can note an
Page 138 and 139: Faure 2 , remains hostile to war. I
Page 140 and 141: war can still be avoided in June 19
Page 142 and 143: acked by a „belligerent” coalit
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Page 146 and 147: agreement” sound anachronistic. E
Page 150 and 151: Two ideas emerge from the press: on
Page 152 and 153: soviets didn’t have motive. Blum
Page 154 and 155: Moscow's line, with the national an
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Page 158 and 159: 2.000 German speaking inhabitants).
Page 160 and 161: The Eastern Polish border was not r
Page 162 and 163: Army. The mayor of Lviv did not wan
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Page 166 and 167: Budapest, and for Warsaw. The two c
Page 168 and 169: could not destroy the Polish Air Fo
Page 170 and 171: independence, Romania was forced to
Page 172 and 173: importance for the events considere
Page 174 and 175: possible future opposition to the S
Page 176 and 177: ate of communists within the Jews o
Page 178 and 179: the initial positive feeling toward
Page 180 and 181: wanted to take revenge for the NKVD
Page 182 and 183: German Reactions A last point that
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The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact - ELTE BTK Történelem Szakos Portál

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