Dealing with salinity in Wheatbelt Valleys - Department of Water

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Table 2: Farm business performance for four WA Wheatbelt regions (average for the three years 1996/7 to 1998/9) 1 Porter, Bartle and Cooper Unit Average2 Top 25% 2 Bottom 25% 2 a. Eastern Wheatbelt No. of farms no. 578 144 144 Farm size ha 3397 6336 1825 Cropping intensity % 51 49 72 Equity3 % 84 98 63 Age of owner yrs 43 53 38 Farm cash income4 $'000 132 277 42 Disposable family income $'000 82 141 –3 Farm business profit5 $'000 39 181 –61 Rate of return6 b. Northern Wheatbelt % 5.3 10.3 –3.8 No of farms no. 875 219 219 Farm size ha 3108 2939 3675 Cropping intensity % 50 64 37 Equity3 % 82 72 70 Age of owner yrs 43 53 38 Farm cash income4 $'000 161 292 17 Disposable family income $'000 97 272 0 Farm business profit5 $'000 65 245 –107 Rate of return6 c. Central Wheatbelt % 4.7 12.7 –2.9 No of farms no. 3920 980 980 Farm size ha 1871 2863 700 Cropping intensity % 45 55 30 Equity3 % 83 82 94 Age of owner yrs 50 47 57 Farm cash income4 $'000 93 197 23 Disposable family income $'000 57 106 33 Farm business profit5 $'000 22 127 –45 Rate of return6 d. South Coast Wheatbelt % 2.9 8.3 –3.7 No of farms no. 461 115 115 Farm size ha 2508 2553 3185 Cropping intensity % 43 61 33 Equity3 % 58 58 52 Age of owner yrs 41 35 33 Farm cash income4 $'000 68 212 –39 Disposable family income $'000 50 145 35 Farm business profit5 $'000 4 101 –91 Rate of return6 % 4.0 8.5 –0.7 1. ABARE 1998, 2000 2. Farms were ranked by their rate of return to capital 3. Equity =((owned farm capital – liabilities)/owned farm capital) x 100 4. Farm cash income = total cash receipts – total cash costs 5. Farm business profit = farm cash income + changes in trading stocks – depreciation – imputed cost of family labour 6. Rate of return = (profit at full equity / total opening capital) x 100 (where profit at full equity = farm business profit + rent + interest and finance lease payments – depreciation on leased items (i.e. profit at full equity considers the case where the farmer fully owned all the capital used in his/her farm business) – 3 –
Porter, Bartle and Cooper Table 3: Distribution of farm debt among WA grain farms as at 30 June 1999 Two common perceptions of wheatbelt farms are that they are continually growing in area and that the terms of trade (the ratio of prices received for outputs to prices paid for inputs) are continually declining. Over the 1990s these trends were not as evident as in previous periods. In the South Coast region it does appear to be the case that farm size is Terms of trade 120 110 100 90 Debt % of all farms No debt 5 Less than $20,000 7 $20,000 to $50,000 7 $50,000 to $100,000 17 $100,000 to $150,000 4 $150,000 to $250,000 16 $250,000 to $500,000 27 $500,000 to $1,000,000 11 More than $1,000,000 7 Total 100 increasing (Table 4). However, in other regions there is no clear evidence that average farm size is steadily increasing. Over the past decade the period of high grain prices in the mid–1990s has meant that the often-quoted declining terms of trade for farmers has not been as evident or as strong in the 1990s, as observed in preceding decades (Figure 1). Table 4: Change in size of WA grain farms during the 1990s Region Average size of WA grain farms (ha) Change in farm size (ha) 1992/3 to 1996/7 1996/7 to 1998/9 Eastern 3697 3397 –300 Northern 3119 3108 –11 Central 2029 1871 –158 South-coast 2078 2553 475 1 991/2 1 992/3 1993/4 1994/5 1995/6 1 996/7 Year 1 997/8 1998/9 1999/00 2000/01 Figure 1: Terms of trade for WA grain farms during the last decade – 4 –
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Foreword Dealing with Salinity in W
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1Day one: Monday 30th July. Field t
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Papers Dealing with Salinity in Whe
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Ali and Coles biggest challenges fa
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Ali and Coles erosion, maintenance
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Ali and Coles expected under these
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Ali and Coles Coles, N.A. & Ali, M.
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Commander, Schoknecht, Verboom and
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APPRECIATING AND CREATING OUR HISTO
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services. The Government responded
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WHEATBELT VALLEYS IN DIFFICULTIES T
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argue that they were really abnorma
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1990s, the wheatbelt valleys in par
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REFERENCES Agstats (1997). Agricult
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George and Coleman two to four fold
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George and Coleman surface, the vas
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George and Coleman for example in t
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George and Coleman current trends c
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George and Coleman While not as div
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George and Coleman SPECIES Table 5:
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George and Coleman advantages of so
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George and Coleman this volume). In
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George and Coleman Venture Economy
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George and Coleman Lawrence, C. (19
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Hatton and Ruprecht WATCHING THE RI
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Since the mid 1970s annual rainfall
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Effect of clearing on runoff The ot
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Salinity Monthly streamflow (ML) 10
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The ratio of the salt outputs to in
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Page 85 and 86: THE FUTURE In looking at the future
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Page 89 and 90: Keighery, Halse and McKenzie Terres
Page 91 and 92: Keighery, Halse and McKenzie Wetlan
Page 93 and 94: Keighery, Halse and McKenzie specie
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Page 97 and 98: Lloyd number of legal cases pending
Page 99 and 100: Lloyd 0 -500 -1000 -1500 -2000 -250
Page 101 and 102: Lloyd Table 3. Sheep grazing days i
Page 103 and 104: Lloyd Hectares project to provide w
Page 105 and 106: INTRODUCTION The Lake Chinocup Catc
Page 107 and 108: agriculture) in various stages, the
Page 109 and 110: - 3,477 ha of remnant vegetation or
Page 111 and 112: Scientists talk of up to 30% of the
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Page 117 and 118: eliminates drainage through the nex
Page 119 and 120: REFERENCES Dawes, W.R., Stauffacher
Page 121 and 122: Pannell ECONOMICS, SOCIETY AND ENVI
Page 123 and 124: Pannell • the area of land protec
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Page 129 and 130: Pannell investments in long-term la
Page 131 and 132: Pannell Pannell, D.J. (2001). Dryla
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Page 139 and 140: Porter, Bartle and Cooper operation
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Page 145 and 146: Porter, Bartle and Cooper support i
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Page 149 and 150: CASE STUDY - TOOLIBIN LAKE AND CATC
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Page 157 and 158: CONCLUSIONS Actions to protect and
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with Salinity in Wheatbelt Valleys
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Photo Gallery 2 Dealing with Salini
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APPENDIX 1 BACKGROUND HYDROLOGY AND
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WHEATBELT HYDROLOGY Flow in the Yil
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Flow (ML) STREAM SALINITY Salt Rive
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APPENDIX 2 WATER MANAGEMENT OPTIONS
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APPENDIX 3 MANAGING WATER AND SALIN
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SUMMARY- TIMELINE OF RECENT SIGNIFI
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RECENT HISTORY OF WATER AND SALINIT
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Figure 1. Hydrological cross-sectio
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Depth (m) 316 315 314 313 312 311 M
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FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS AND MANAGEME
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Dealing with salinity in Wheatbelt Valleys - Department of Water

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